Riesgo, comunidad y vida cotidiana. Representaciones colectivas ante eventos socioambientales en espacios educativos urbanos
Fecha
2021
Autores
Durán Vargas, Karolina
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este trabajo se orienta a destacar la importancia de ahondar sobre la ocurrencia de
fenómenos socioambientales en las sociedades actuales. La relevancia de esta temática es de
carácter global y se materializa en una amplia gama de acuerdos internacionales que apuntan hacia
acciones de prevención, mitigación y atención de las situaciones de emergencia en distintos
ámbitos. Ejemplo de lo dicho son los espacios educativos los cuales en nuestro país cuentan con
una serie de mecanismos de precaución y resguardo ante situaciones de riesgo, las acciones
adoptadas para cumplir con dichos preceptos en las instituciones educativas están atravesadas por
un contexto determinado, relaciones, representaciones e interacciones.
De tal manera, es menester tener presente la ambivalencia existente entre los pensamientos
cotidianos y la praxis, es decir, cómo las formas en las que se entiende y representa lo riesgoso
repercuten en las prácticas diarias. Esta es la principal pretensión del escrito: brindar un análisis y
una explicación de cómo las representaciones colectivas de riesgo socioambiental y lo comunal
llegan a incidir en las formas de organización cotidianas de los centros educativos en la gestión
del riesgo. Para esto, se estudiaron y compararon dos comunidades: la Escuela España en Belén,
Heredia y la Escuela Brasil de Santa Ana, San José; con estas poblaciones se profundizó tanto
sobre las relaciones como representaciones existentes de riesgo y comunidad.
El estudio aplicó tres técnicas de investigación a distancia: mapeo social, encuesta y grupo
focal. La escogencia se basó en la posibilidad de combinar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos
abordando la realidad desde lo general a lo particular, la aplicación de la totalidad de los
instrumentos se ejecutó desde la presencialidad remota debido al contexto de emergencia sanitaria
por la COVID–19. Se realizaron 39 cuestionarios en total, la participación en los grupos focales
fue de siete (Belén) y tres (Santa Ana) personas, con una duración aproximada de dos horas por
sesión. Asimismo, para el mapeo social se elaboraron tres mapas en el software ArcGIS Pro por
cada comunidad, contemplándose: amenazas, límites, instituciones y uso del suelo; aunado a esto
se tomaron fotografías con las que se ilustran zonas aledañas a las instituciones educativas,
caminos, viviendas, entidades encargadas de la atención de emergencia entre otros.
This work aims to highlight the importance of delving into the occurrence of socio-environmental phenomena in current societies. The relevance of this theme is global character and materializes in a wide range of international agreements that point towards actions of prevention, mitigation and attention to emergency situations in different scopes. An example of what has been said are the educational spaces which in our country have a series of precautionary and protection mechanisms in situations of risk, the actions adopted to comply with these precepts in educational institutions are crossed by a given context, relationships, representations and interactions. In this way, it is necessary to keep in mind the ambivalence between the thoughts daily activities and praxis, that is, how the ways in which risk is understood and represented affect daily practices. This is the main aim of the writing: to provide an analysis and an explanation of how the collective representations of socio-environmental risk and the communal come to influence the daily forms of organization of educational centers in the management of the risk. For this, two communities were studied and compared: the Escuela España in Belén, Heredia and the Brazil School of Santa Ana, San José; with these populations it deepened so much about relationships as existing representations of risk and community. The study applied three remote research techniques: social mapping, survey and group focal. The choice was based on the possibility of combining quantitative and qualitative data addressing reality from the general to the particular, the application of all the instruments was executed from remote presence due to the context of health emergency by COVID-19. A total of 39 questionnaires were completed, participation in the focus groups was seven (Belén) and three (Santa Ana) people, with an approximate duration of two hours per session. Likewise, for social mapping, three maps were prepared in the ArcGIS Pro software by each community, contemplating: threats, limits, institutions and land use; added to this photographs were taken illustrating areas surrounding the educational institutions, roads, houses, entities in charge of emergency care, among others.
This work aims to highlight the importance of delving into the occurrence of socio-environmental phenomena in current societies. The relevance of this theme is global character and materializes in a wide range of international agreements that point towards actions of prevention, mitigation and attention to emergency situations in different scopes. An example of what has been said are the educational spaces which in our country have a series of precautionary and protection mechanisms in situations of risk, the actions adopted to comply with these precepts in educational institutions are crossed by a given context, relationships, representations and interactions. In this way, it is necessary to keep in mind the ambivalence between the thoughts daily activities and praxis, that is, how the ways in which risk is understood and represented affect daily practices. This is the main aim of the writing: to provide an analysis and an explanation of how the collective representations of socio-environmental risk and the communal come to influence the daily forms of organization of educational centers in the management of the risk. For this, two communities were studied and compared: the Escuela España in Belén, Heredia and the Brazil School of Santa Ana, San José; with these populations it deepened so much about relationships as existing representations of risk and community. The study applied three remote research techniques: social mapping, survey and group focal. The choice was based on the possibility of combining quantitative and qualitative data addressing reality from the general to the particular, the application of all the instruments was executed from remote presence due to the context of health emergency by COVID-19. A total of 39 questionnaires were completed, participation in the focus groups was seven (Belén) and three (Santa Ana) people, with an approximate duration of two hours per session. Likewise, for social mapping, three maps were prepared in the ArcGIS Pro software by each community, contemplating: threats, limits, institutions and land use; added to this photographs were taken illustrating areas surrounding the educational institutions, roads, houses, entities in charge of emergency care, among others.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, RIESGO, RISK, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, SOCIAL ASPECTS, MEDIO AMBIENTE, ENVIRONMENT, COSTA RICA