Costa Rica y el sistema del Tratado Antártico
Fecha
2018
Autores
Protti Quesada, Jorge Marino
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En este trabajo se presentan los antecedentes históricos, geográficos, científicos y políticos que llevaron a la firma del Tratado Antártico (TA), en diciembre de 1959 y de las posteriores convenciones internacionales y protocolo que conforman el Sistema del Tratado Antártico (STA). Como investigación en el campo de las relaciones internacionales, se hace un análisis tanto idealista como realista, sobre la importancia histórica, presente y futura de este régimen internacional. Se descubre la razón por la cual Costa Rica no es parte del TA y se analizan las conveniencias que representarían para el país adherirse a este tratado. Como parte de este trabajo se obtuvo apoyo político y científico para avanzar hacia la adhesión y asegurar una participación activa de Costa Rica en las investigaciones en la Antártida, en caso que se diera dicha adhesión. Se investiga también sobre la geopolítica alrededor de la Antártida y los temas en los que Costa Rica podría tener un liderazgo. A través de conversaciones informales en las embajadas en San José, de países miembros consultivos del Tratado Antártico, se obtuvo una muy buena respuesta para la posibilidad de que científicos costarricenses se integren y aporten en expediciones de esos países a la Antártida. Por las características pacifistas, conservacionistas, de fomento a la investigación y el liderazgo internacional de Costa Rica en esos ámbitos, se concluye que Costa Rica debería ser parte del STA. Por lo tanto, como conclusión de esta investigación, se recomienda la adscripción de Costa Rica, inicialmente como miembro no consultivo, al TA. Se contribuye aquí con un borrador del proyecto de ley para solicitar a la Asamblea Legislativa la aprobación de esta adhesión. Se recomienda además, que una vez adscrito al TA, Costa Rica inicie las negociaciones para formar parte de la Convención sobre la Conservación de los Recursos Vivos Marinos Antárticos y que firme el Protocolo Ambiental del TA, con lo completará su membresía al STA.
This paper presents the historical, geographical, scientific and political background that led to the signing of the Antarctic Treaty (AT) in December 1959 and the subsequent international conventions and protocols that make up the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). As a research in the field of international relations, both an idealistic and realistic analysis of the historical, present and future importance of this international regime is made. The reason why Costa Rica is not part of the AT is discovered and the advantages for the country to adhere to this treaty are analyzed. As part of this work, political and scientific support was obtained to move towards accession and to ensure an active participation of Costa Rica in Antarctic research, in case such accession were to take place. Research was also conducted on the geopolitics surrounding Antarctica and the issues in which Costa Rica could play a leading role. Through informal conversations in the embassies in San José, of countries that are consultative members of the Antarctic Treaty, a very good response was obtained for the possibility of Costa Rican scientists joining and contributing in expeditions of those countries to Antarctica. Due to Costa Rica's pacifist, conservationist, research promotion and international leadership in these areas, it is concluded that Costa Rica should be part of the STA. Therefore, as a conclusion of this research, it is recommended that Costa Rica join the TA, initially as a non-consultative member. A draft bill to request the Legislative Assembly to approve this accession is contributed here. It is also recommended that once Costa Rica joins the TA, it should initiate negotiations to become part of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and sign the Environmental Protocol of the TA, thus completing its membership in the STA.
This paper presents the historical, geographical, scientific and political background that led to the signing of the Antarctic Treaty (AT) in December 1959 and the subsequent international conventions and protocols that make up the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). As a research in the field of international relations, both an idealistic and realistic analysis of the historical, present and future importance of this international regime is made. The reason why Costa Rica is not part of the AT is discovered and the advantages for the country to adhere to this treaty are analyzed. As part of this work, political and scientific support was obtained to move towards accession and to ensure an active participation of Costa Rica in Antarctic research, in case such accession were to take place. Research was also conducted on the geopolitics surrounding Antarctica and the issues in which Costa Rica could play a leading role. Through informal conversations in the embassies in San José, of countries that are consultative members of the Antarctic Treaty, a very good response was obtained for the possibility of Costa Rican scientists joining and contributing in expeditions of those countries to Antarctica. Due to Costa Rica's pacifist, conservationist, research promotion and international leadership in these areas, it is concluded that Costa Rica should be part of the STA. Therefore, as a conclusion of this research, it is recommended that Costa Rica join the TA, initially as a non-consultative member. A draft bill to request the Legislative Assembly to approve this accession is contributed here. It is also recommended that once Costa Rica joins the TA, it should initiate negotiations to become part of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and sign the Environmental Protocol of the TA, thus completing its membership in the STA.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, TRATADOS, ACUERDOS INTERNACIONALES, RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, DIPLOMACIA, DIPLOMACY, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, TREATIES
Citación
Protti, J. M. (2018). Costa Rica y el sistema del Tratado Antártico. (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.