Entre el papel y la carne: Representaciones del cuerpo de las mujeres y las batallas por el dominio de su sexualidad, 1960-2010
Fecha
2016-11-29
Autores
Ramírez Hernández, Marcela
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En esta investigación se analizan los discursos imperantes sobre el cuerpo de las mujeres y su sexualidad en la prensa escrita y en las narraciones de mujeres entrevistadas, las principales transformaciones, así como las continuidades en las representaciones sociales sobre sus corporalidades. Para ello se fijaron como límites temporales y espaciales el período 1960- 2010, en la región urbana de la provincia de San José.
Se aborda el tema de las construcciones de género y las corporalidades femeninas tomando como puntos de referencia ciertos momentos, discursos y actores específicos. En un primer momento, se consideró trascendental identificar los matices ideológicos que originaron las prácticas asociadas al Programa de Planificación Familiar. La ejecución de este programa y la entrada al país de nuevas tecnologías contraceptivas, abrieron las puertas para que, desde ese momento surgieran una serie de discusiones cuyo eje estuvo en las formas de control sobre los cuerpos de las mujeres, particularmente las funciones reproductivas, interviniendo las voces de médicos, el Estado, la Iglesia y, a partir de finales de los años setenta, los grupos feministas. Asimismo, se presenta un recorrido por las representaciones gráficas de los cuerpos femeninos en la publicidad en la prensa, indagando en las estrategias del mercado para transmitir y legitimar una imagen estandarizada, cargada de valores en torno al género y la posición de las mujeres dentro de las jerarquías sociales.
This research analyzes the prevailing discourses on the body of women and their sexuality in the written press and in the narrations of women interviewed, the main transformations, as well as the continuities in the social representations of their corporalities. For this, the period 1960-2010 was set as temporal and spatial limits, in the urban region of the province of San José. The issue of gender constructions and female corporalities is addressed taking certain moments, discourses and specific actors as points of reference. At first, it was considered transcendental to identify the ideological nuances that originated the practices associated with the Family Planning Program. The execution of this program and the entry into the country of new contraceptive technologies, opened the doors so that, from that moment, a series of discussions arose whose axis was in the forms of control over the bodies of women, particularly reproductive functions, intervening the voices of doctors, the State, the Church and, beginning in the late 1970s, feminist groups. Likewise, a tour of the graphic representations of female bodies in advertising in the press is presented, inquiring into market strategies to transmit and legitimize a standardized image, loaded with values around gender and the position of women within social hierarchies.
This research analyzes the prevailing discourses on the body of women and their sexuality in the written press and in the narrations of women interviewed, the main transformations, as well as the continuities in the social representations of their corporalities. For this, the period 1960-2010 was set as temporal and spatial limits, in the urban region of the province of San José. The issue of gender constructions and female corporalities is addressed taking certain moments, discourses and specific actors as points of reference. At first, it was considered transcendental to identify the ideological nuances that originated the practices associated with the Family Planning Program. The execution of this program and the entry into the country of new contraceptive technologies, opened the doors so that, from that moment, a series of discussions arose whose axis was in the forms of control over the bodies of women, particularly reproductive functions, intervening the voices of doctors, the State, the Church and, beginning in the late 1970s, feminist groups. Likewise, a tour of the graphic representations of female bodies in advertising in the press is presented, inquiring into market strategies to transmit and legitimize a standardized image, loaded with values around gender and the position of women within social hierarchies.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, GÉNERO (MUJERES), GENDER (FEMALE), HISTORIA DE LA MUJER, WOMEN'S STORY, SEXUALIDAD, SEXUALITY, MUJERES, WOMEN, BIOPOLÍTICA, BIOPOLITICS