Inserción de fármacos de interés terapéutico en vesículas extracelulares derivadas de la línea celular de monocitos THP-1
Fecha
2024
Autores
Gómez Castro, Julián Alonso
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. Las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) son liposomas secretadas por células, encargadas de transportar biomoléculas para comunicación y señalización, principalmente. Investigaciones recientes buscan aprovechar las propiedades intrínsecas de éstas en transporte de compuestos o moléculas exógenas, como fármacos terapéuticos, para mejorar rendimientos, direccionalidad y absorción. Mediante esta investigación se buscó realizar el primer procedimiento de inserción y verificación de carga de anfotericina B en VEs de monocitos THP-1, aisladas por centrifugación diferencial y ultracentrifugación. Para ello, se emplearon tres metodologías de carga: difusión pasiva (PAS), tratamiento por saponina (SAP) y sonicación (SON). Las VEs se caracterizaron antes y después de cada procedimiento mediante electroforesis SDS-PAGE, espectroscopía UV-Vis, DLS y AFM. Como resultados, las vesículas cargadas presentaron bandas de proteínas con pesos moleculares de ~45 a 70 kDa, convoluciones de los espectros de absorbancia entre anfotericina B y VEs y eficiencias porcentuales de carga de 45 ± 0,1 (PAS), 40 ± 0,1 (SAP) y 39 ± 0,2 (SON). Además, presentaron aumentos en diámetros hidrodinámicos, (promedio de 301 ± 13 nm) para las tres metodologías; disminuciones de potenciales Z (mV) de: -4,1 ± 1,7 (PAS), -4,6 ± 1,6 (SAP) y -9,6 ± 2,7 (SON); y movilidad electroforética (μmcm/mV) de: -1,02 ± 0,19 (PAS), -0,31 ± 0,13 (SAP) y -0,75 ± 0,21 (SON); aumentos en rigidez (N/m): 72 ± 12 (SAP), 159 ± 31 (SON) y 50 ± 10 (PAS), y fuerza de adhesión (nN): 21 ± 3,1 (SAP), 134 ± 8,3 (SON) y 13,3 ± 1,5 (PAS). Por último, el ensayo preliminar de viabilidad corroboró que las líneas celulares expuestas a VEs cargadas no se vieron afectadas. Este trabajo, el primero de esta naturaleza del país, permite evidenciar que es posible realizar caracterización e inserción en VEs, con el fin de continuar evaluando la posibilidad de emplearlas como transportadores de fármacos en futuras investigaciones.
Abstract. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are liposomes secreted by cells, mainly in charge of transporting biomolecules for communication and signaling. Recent research seeks to take advantage of their intrinsic properties in the transport of exogenous compounds or molecules, such as therapeutic drugs, to improve performance, directionality and absorption. The aim of this research was to perform the first procedure for the insertion and verification of amphotericin B loading in EVs of THP-1 monocytes isolated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. For this purpose, three loading methodologies were employed: passive diffusion (PAS), saponin treatment (SAP) and sonication (SON). EVs were characterized before and after each procedure by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS and AFM. As results, the loaded vesicles presented protein bands with molecular weights of ~45 to 70 kDa, convolutions of absorbance spectra between amphotericin B and EVs and efficiencies of percentage loadings of 45 ± 0.1 (PAS), 40 ± 0.1 (SAP) and 39 ± 0.2 (SON). In addition, they presented increases in hydrodynamic diameters, (average 301 ± 13 nm) for the three methodologies; decreases in Z potentials (mV) of: -4.1 ± 1.7 (PAS), -4.6 ± 1.6 (SAP) and -9.6 ± 2.7 (SON); and electrophoretic mobility (μmcm/mV) of: -1.02 ± 0.19 (PAS), -0.31 ± 0.13 (SAP) and -0.75 ± 0.21 (SON); increases in stiffness (N/m): 72 ± 12 (SAP), 159 ± 31 (SON) and 50 ± 10 (PAS); and adhesion strength (nN): 21 ± 3.1 (SAP), 134 ± 8.3 (SON) and 13.3 ± 1.5 (PAS). Finally, the preliminary viability assay corroborated that cell lines exposed to loaded EVs were not affected. This work, the first of its kind in the country, shows that it is possible to perform characterization and insertion in EVs, in order to continue evaluating the possibility of using them as drug transporters in future research.
Abstract. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are liposomes secreted by cells, mainly in charge of transporting biomolecules for communication and signaling. Recent research seeks to take advantage of their intrinsic properties in the transport of exogenous compounds or molecules, such as therapeutic drugs, to improve performance, directionality and absorption. The aim of this research was to perform the first procedure for the insertion and verification of amphotericin B loading in EVs of THP-1 monocytes isolated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. For this purpose, three loading methodologies were employed: passive diffusion (PAS), saponin treatment (SAP) and sonication (SON). EVs were characterized before and after each procedure by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS and AFM. As results, the loaded vesicles presented protein bands with molecular weights of ~45 to 70 kDa, convolutions of absorbance spectra between amphotericin B and EVs and efficiencies of percentage loadings of 45 ± 0.1 (PAS), 40 ± 0.1 (SAP) and 39 ± 0.2 (SON). In addition, they presented increases in hydrodynamic diameters, (average 301 ± 13 nm) for the three methodologies; decreases in Z potentials (mV) of: -4.1 ± 1.7 (PAS), -4.6 ± 1.6 (SAP) and -9.6 ± 2.7 (SON); and electrophoretic mobility (μmcm/mV) of: -1.02 ± 0.19 (PAS), -0.31 ± 0.13 (SAP) and -0.75 ± 0.21 (SON); increases in stiffness (N/m): 72 ± 12 (SAP), 159 ± 31 (SON) and 50 ± 10 (PAS); and adhesion strength (nN): 21 ± 3.1 (SAP), 134 ± 8.3 (SON) and 13.3 ± 1.5 (PAS). Finally, the preliminary viability assay corroborated that cell lines exposed to loaded EVs were not affected. This work, the first of its kind in the country, shows that it is possible to perform characterization and insertion in EVs, in order to continue evaluating the possibility of using them as drug transporters in future research.
Descripción
Gómez Castro, J. A. (2024). Inserción de fármacos de interés terapéutico en vesículas extracelulares derivadas de la línea celular de monocitos THP-1. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
VESÍCULAS EXTRACELULARES, ANFOTERICINA B, SAPONINA, SONICACIÓN., FARMACOLOGÍA, TERAPEÚTICA, PHARMACOLOGY