Propuesta de una estructura administrativo financiera para la PYME Inflables Nano
Fecha
2017
Autores
Amador Delgado, Josué
Blandón Hernández, Jessica
Rodríguez Gómez, Fabiola
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La funcionalidad de las finanzas para el ambiente empresarial es el de obtener los recursos necesarios e invertirlos de manera correcta, tambíen incluye el registro de las operaciones y la presentación de los resultados de estas operaciones, mediante los diferentes estados financieros, lo que permite el análisis financiero en cualquier rubro de la empresa y por ultimo, cumplir con las obligaciones fiscales. Para el desarrollo correcto de las finanzas, la empresa debe tener un sistema contable sólido y eficaz, que permite tener a mano cualquier dato de los recursos, financimiento y estado patrimonial de la empresa. La contabilidad debe ser capaz de suministrar información y mostrar los resultados de un período en específico, lo que es de utilidad para la toma de decisiones oportuna. Por lo tanto es de mucha importancia, que toda empresa, sin tomar en cuenta su tamaño, su actividad, con o sin fines de lucro, de servicios o manufactura, deben considerar la contabilidad y finanzas parte medular su trabajo diario, mantener un sistema actualizado y acorde a las necesidades de la organización. Es claro que para un buen control y manejo de las finanzas y contabilidad es necesario la aplicación en paralelo de buenas practicas administrativas. La administración concede los beneficios como; tecnicas que permitan la mejor manera para aprovechar y maximizar los recursos disponibles, tanto humanos, monetarios o materiales, y mantener estabilidad y crecimiento positivo para la empresa. Es por esto que la presente investigación se realiza la siguiente interrogante, ¿Cuál es el proceso contable y administrativo que se lleva a cabo en la microempresa Inflables Nano durante el período de marzo a noviembre 2017? La base del planteamiento del problema se debe a que la pyme Inflables Nano actualmente no posee una estructura administrativa debidamente planteada, ni una estructura financiera y contable que le permita mostrar la situación económica que refleje el estatus actual de la organización. Al ser una empresa familiar debe considerar delimitar las pautas al separar el patrimonio personal y el patrimonio de la empresa, lo que suele ser un error recurrente en este tipo de empresas. Los objetivos planteados, tanto general y específicos vienen a brindar una solución para la mejora de la pyme en estudio, en los que se destaca evaluar el proceso financiero y administrativo, para así proponer un modelo financiero que facilite el registro de todas las actividades concernientes al negocio, esto mediante una herramienta contable digital. Además, se establecen diferentes pautas y métodos para sentar las bases de una buena administración, como la creación de un organigrama en base a funciones, un flujo de procesos reflejado en un diagrama, y un manual de procedimientos. Así como tambien, se realiza una estudio jurídico que permita a la empresa cambiar su estatus actual a un estatus a derecho, estudio respaldado por las diferentes leyes, códigos y reglamentos que se encuentran vigentes en el país. El modelo de análisis de la investigación utiliza tres variables derivadas de cada uno de los objetivos específicos, estas variables son: un modelo financiero, una estructura administrativa y el estudio jurídico. El modelo financiero, se refiere a una herramienta tanto contable como financiera, útil, sencilla y creada específicamente para la empresa Inflables Nano, para la cual se toman los indicadores como ingresos, gastos, balance general, estado de resultados, flujo de caja y punto de equilibrio. Como segunda variable, esta el estudio administrativo, que permite la organización de las diferente funciones, actividades y responsabilidades para brindar un excelente servicio al cliente. Para esta variable se toman en cuenta los indicadores: estructura administrativa, organigrama, proceso operativo, manual de políticas y procedimientos, y tipo de empresa. La tercera variable, se define como estudio jurídico, cuya finalidad es evaluar los requerimientos jurídicos al iniciar un negocio en Costa Rica y mantenerlo funcionando legalmente, para lo cual se tomas los siguientes indicadores: leyes, códigos, reglamentos y procedimientos.
The function of finance in the business environment is to obtain the necessary resources and invest them correctly. It also includes recording transactions and presenting the results of these transactions through various financial statements, which allows for financial analysis in any area of the company and, ultimately, compliance with tax obligations. For the proper development of finances, the company must have a solid and efficient accounting system that provides readily available data on the company's resources, financing, and equity. Accounting must be able to provide information and show the results of a specific period, which is useful for timely decision-making. Therefore, it is crucial that all companies, regardless of their size, activity, whether for-profit or non-profit, service-oriented or manufacturing, consider accounting and finance a core part of their daily work, maintaining an updated system that meets the organization's needs. Clearly, for good control and management of finance and accounting, the parallel application of sound administrative practices is necessary. The administration grants benefits such as techniques that allow for the best way to utilize and maximize available resources, whether human, monetary, or material, and maintain stability and positive growth for the company. Therefore, this research poses the following question: What is the accounting and administrative process carried out in the microenterprise Inflables Nano during the period from March to November 2017? The basis for this problem statement is that the SME Inflables Nano currently lacks a properly established administrative structure, as well as a financial and accounting structure that allows it to present an economic situation that reflects the current status of the organization. As a family business, it should consider defining the guidelines by separating personal assets from business assets, which is a common mistake in this type of company. The stated objectives, both general and specific, aim to provide a solution for improving the SME under study. These objectives include evaluating the financial and administrative processes in order to propose a financial model that facilitates the recording of all business activities using a digital accounting tool. Furthermore, various guidelines and methods are established to lay the foundation for sound management, such as creating an organizational chart based on functions, a process flow diagram, and a procedures manual. Additionally, a legal study is conducted to enable the company to change its current status to a legally compliant one, supported by the various laws, codes, and regulations in force in the country. The research analysis model utilizes three variables derived from each of the specific objectives: a financial model, an administrative structure, and the legal study. The financial model refers to a useful and simple accounting and financial tool created specifically for Inflables Nano. It uses indicators such as income, expenses, balance sheet, income statement, cash flow, and break-even point. The second variable is the administrative study, which allows for the organization of different functions, activities, and responsibilities to provide excellent customer service. This variable considers the following indicators: administrative structure, organizational chart, operational processes, policies and procedures manual, and type of company. The third variable is the legal study, which aims to evaluate the legal requirements for starting a business in Costa Rica and maintaining its legal operation. This includes the following indicators: laws, codes, regulations, and procedures.
The function of finance in the business environment is to obtain the necessary resources and invest them correctly. It also includes recording transactions and presenting the results of these transactions through various financial statements, which allows for financial analysis in any area of the company and, ultimately, compliance with tax obligations. For the proper development of finances, the company must have a solid and efficient accounting system that provides readily available data on the company's resources, financing, and equity. Accounting must be able to provide information and show the results of a specific period, which is useful for timely decision-making. Therefore, it is crucial that all companies, regardless of their size, activity, whether for-profit or non-profit, service-oriented or manufacturing, consider accounting and finance a core part of their daily work, maintaining an updated system that meets the organization's needs. Clearly, for good control and management of finance and accounting, the parallel application of sound administrative practices is necessary. The administration grants benefits such as techniques that allow for the best way to utilize and maximize available resources, whether human, monetary, or material, and maintain stability and positive growth for the company. Therefore, this research poses the following question: What is the accounting and administrative process carried out in the microenterprise Inflables Nano during the period from March to November 2017? The basis for this problem statement is that the SME Inflables Nano currently lacks a properly established administrative structure, as well as a financial and accounting structure that allows it to present an economic situation that reflects the current status of the organization. As a family business, it should consider defining the guidelines by separating personal assets from business assets, which is a common mistake in this type of company. The stated objectives, both general and specific, aim to provide a solution for improving the SME under study. These objectives include evaluating the financial and administrative processes in order to propose a financial model that facilitates the recording of all business activities using a digital accounting tool. Furthermore, various guidelines and methods are established to lay the foundation for sound management, such as creating an organizational chart based on functions, a process flow diagram, and a procedures manual. Additionally, a legal study is conducted to enable the company to change its current status to a legally compliant one, supported by the various laws, codes, and regulations in force in the country. The research analysis model utilizes three variables derived from each of the specific objectives: a financial model, an administrative structure, and the legal study. The financial model refers to a useful and simple accounting and financial tool created specifically for Inflables Nano. It uses indicators such as income, expenses, balance sheet, income statement, cash flow, and break-even point. The second variable is the administrative study, which allows for the organization of different functions, activities, and responsibilities to provide excellent customer service. This variable considers the following indicators: administrative structure, organizational chart, operational processes, policies and procedures manual, and type of company. The third variable is the legal study, which aims to evaluate the legal requirements for starting a business in Costa Rica and maintaining its legal operation. This includes the following indicators: laws, codes, regulations, and procedures.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Gestión Financiera
Palabras clave
PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS, SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES, ANALISIS FINANCIERO, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, ESTRUCTURA ADMINISTRATIVA, ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
