Agentes micóticos y ácaros en lesiones cutáneas de caninos sin atención veterinaria regular en Costa Rica
Fecha
2017
Autores
Acevedo González, Silvia Elena
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
Los problemas dermatológicos en caninos están entre los principales motivos de consulta
en la clínica veterinaria; sin embargo, en nuestro país existen comunidades que por factores
geográficos y económicos no pueden acceder a servicios veterinarios. Por ello se realizó
una práctica dirigida entre los meses de enero a agosto de 2016, en la que se analizaron 130
caninos con lesiones superficiales de piel u oídos, principalmente de zonas indígenas y
zonas rurales de Costa Rica. El principal objetivo fue identificar mediante métodos de
laboratorio dermatofitos, levaduras y ácaros involucrados en las lesiones superficiales de
piel, conocer los factores predisponentes y dar tratamiento gratuito a los animales
atendidos.
Para cada animal se registró la anamnesis y se documentaron las lesiones mediante
fotografías, se tomaron raspados e hisopados de las lesiones para observación microscópica
directa y cultivo micológico.
Del total de animales analizados, el 2.3% (3/130) presentaron solamente otitis, 11.5%
(15/130) tenían otitis y lesiones en el tegumento y el 86.2% (112/130) restante tuvo
solamente manifestaciones dermatológicas. El espectro de las lesiones fue muy variado y
no resultó característico de un agente en particular. Se confirmó dermatofitosis en un 20.0%
(25/127) de las lesiones cutáneas, dermatitis por Malassezia spp. en un 15.8% (20/127) y
Demodex canis en un 7.0% (9/127). En un 33.1% (42/127) de las lesiones se observaron
bacterias en cantidad significativa en los frotis teñidos con Gram. En las otitis clínicas, lo
más frecuente fue el eritema en un 100% (15/15) de los casos, seguido de seborrea en un
53.3% (8/15) de los casos y las infecciones mixtas con bacterias y levaduras fue el hallazgo
de laboratorio más frecuente en un 53.3% (8/15) de las otitis clínicas.
Los dermatofitos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Trichophyton mentagrophytes y
Microsporum gypseum. Se describe por primera vez en caninos de Costa Rica, los
dermatofitos M. persicolor y T. tonsurans, este último antropofílico. No hubo aislamientos
de M. canis.
Dermatological problems in canines are among the main reasons for consultation in the veterinary clinic, however in our country there are communities that cannot access the veterinary services because of geographic and economic factors. For this reason, a supervised practice was carried out from January to August 2016; in which 130 canines with superficial skin and ear disease were analyzed mainly in indigenous and rural areas of Costa Rica. The aim was to identify involved dermatophyte, yeast and mites with in the skin lesions through laboratory methods, to know the predisposing factors and to give free treatment to the sampled animals. Anamnesis was registered for each animal and lesions were documented with pictures. Skin scrapings and swabs were sampled for direct microscopic observation and mycological culturing. From the total animal analyzed, 2.3% (3/130) showed otitis externa alone, 11.5% (15/130) had otitis externa and dermatitis, and the remaining 86.2% (112/130) presented only dermatitis. A wide range of skin lesions was documented but it was not characteristic of any particular agent. Dermatophytes were confirmed in 20.0% (25/127) of the skin lesions, Malassezia spp. dermatitis in 15.8% (20/127) and Demodex canis in 7% (9/127). In 33.1% (42/127) of canines, significant amounts of bacteria were visualized on Gram stained smear. The most frequent clinical signs in otitis externa was erythema in 100% (15/15) of the cases, followed by seborrhea in 53.3% (8/15), and mixed bacterial and yeast infections were the most frequent laboratory findings at 53.0% (8/15) of the clinical otitis. The most frequently cultured species were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. For the first time in Costa Rica, dermatophytes M. persicolor and T.tonsurans were reported affecting dogs, the latter being an anthropophilic dermatophyte. There were no M. canis isolations. This work enhanced the clinical and professional practice while bringing a cost-free benefit to the visited communities for whom the access to veterinary services is difficult given the socioeconomic conditions in addition to the absence of veterinary facilities nearby
Dermatological problems in canines are among the main reasons for consultation in the veterinary clinic, however in our country there are communities that cannot access the veterinary services because of geographic and economic factors. For this reason, a supervised practice was carried out from January to August 2016; in which 130 canines with superficial skin and ear disease were analyzed mainly in indigenous and rural areas of Costa Rica. The aim was to identify involved dermatophyte, yeast and mites with in the skin lesions through laboratory methods, to know the predisposing factors and to give free treatment to the sampled animals. Anamnesis was registered for each animal and lesions were documented with pictures. Skin scrapings and swabs were sampled for direct microscopic observation and mycological culturing. From the total animal analyzed, 2.3% (3/130) showed otitis externa alone, 11.5% (15/130) had otitis externa and dermatitis, and the remaining 86.2% (112/130) presented only dermatitis. A wide range of skin lesions was documented but it was not characteristic of any particular agent. Dermatophytes were confirmed in 20.0% (25/127) of the skin lesions, Malassezia spp. dermatitis in 15.8% (20/127) and Demodex canis in 7% (9/127). In 33.1% (42/127) of canines, significant amounts of bacteria were visualized on Gram stained smear. The most frequent clinical signs in otitis externa was erythema in 100% (15/15) of the cases, followed by seborrhea in 53.3% (8/15), and mixed bacterial and yeast infections were the most frequent laboratory findings at 53.0% (8/15) of the clinical otitis. The most frequently cultured species were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. For the first time in Costa Rica, dermatophytes M. persicolor and T.tonsurans were reported affecting dogs, the latter being an anthropophilic dermatophyte. There were no M. canis isolations. This work enhanced the clinical and professional practice while bringing a cost-free benefit to the visited communities for whom the access to veterinary services is difficult given the socioeconomic conditions in addition to the absence of veterinary facilities nearby
Descripción
Modalidad: Práctica Dirigida
Palabras clave
PERRO, OIDOS, ENFERMEDADES DE LOS OIDOS, ENFERMEDADES DE LA PIEL, DERMATOFITOS, ENFERMEDADES PRODUCIDAS POR HONGOS, LEVADURA, ÁCAROS, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO, PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO, SALUD ANIMAL, ZONAS RURALES