Situación del pequeño escarabajo, Aethina tumida, en colmenas de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) en Costa Rica: Muestreo de apiarios 2014-2017
Fecha
2018-05-18
Autores
Ramírez, Marianyela
Calderón, Rafael
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
El primer reporte sobre la presencia del pequeño escarabajo de la colmena, Aethina tumida en
Centroamérica se dio en El Salvador en el 2013, luego se confirmó en Nicaragua en el 2014, lo cual aumenta el
riesgo de su ingreso a Costa Rica. Por lo anterior, en el presente estudio se realizó un muestreo que va de junio
2014 a setiembre 2017, mediante el cual se analizaron 359 colmenas pertenecientes a 62 apiarios ubicados
en las provincias de Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Alajuela, San José y Heredia. Se realizaron observaciones de la
cría y de las abejas adultas, además se colocaron dos trampas por colmena tipo Cutts Beetle Blaster®, las que
permanecieron durante ocho a quince días. Posteriormente las trampas se analizaron en el laboratorio de
Patología Apícola del CINAT-UNA. Del total de apiarios muestreados, se confirmó la presencia del pequeño
escarabajo únicamente en un apiario centinela ubicado en La Cruz-Guanacaste, en agosto 2015. Por lo
anterior, se puede indicar la presencia del pequeño escarabajo A. tumida en colmenas de abejas africanizadas
en Costa Rica, con una distribución limitada a la Cruz-Guanacaste. Tomando en cuenta que el escarabajo
adulto puede volar y desplazarse junto a enjambres silvestres y la trashumancia de colmenas por parte del
apicultor, es importante mantener un monitoreo constante de los apiarios, ya que las condiciones actuales de
ausencia en la mayoría de zonas apícolas del país, reportadas en el presente estudio, pueden cambiar
The first report of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, in Central America was in El Salvador in 2013 and in Nicaragua in 2014, which increases the risk of invasion of this pest into Costa Rica. Therefore 359 colonies belonging to 62 apiaries located in the provinces of Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Alajuela, San José and Heredia, were sampled from June 2014 to September 2017. Observations of the brood and the adult bees were performed. Furthermore, two Cutts Beetle Blaster® traps were placed per colony, per eight to fifteen days. The traps were analyzed at the Bee Pathology Lab of CINAT-UNA. The presence of the small hive beetle was only confirmed at the sentinel apiary located in La Cruz-Guanacaste, in August 2015. Therefore, the presence of A. tumida is confirmed in africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica, with a limited distribution to La Cruz- Guanacaste. Due to the flight capacity of adult beetles and the movement of the colonies by the beekeepers, we recommended to continue the sampling of the apiaries, because the negative situation could change.
The first report of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, in Central America was in El Salvador in 2013 and in Nicaragua in 2014, which increases the risk of invasion of this pest into Costa Rica. Therefore 359 colonies belonging to 62 apiaries located in the provinces of Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Alajuela, San José and Heredia, were sampled from June 2014 to September 2017. Observations of the brood and the adult bees were performed. Furthermore, two Cutts Beetle Blaster® traps were placed per colony, per eight to fifteen days. The traps were analyzed at the Bee Pathology Lab of CINAT-UNA. The presence of the small hive beetle was only confirmed at the sentinel apiary located in La Cruz-Guanacaste, in August 2015. Therefore, the presence of A. tumida is confirmed in africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica, with a limited distribution to La Cruz- Guanacaste. Due to the flight capacity of adult beetles and the movement of the colonies by the beekeepers, we recommended to continue the sampling of the apiaries, because the negative situation could change.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ABEJAS, BEF, COLMENAS, HIVES, ESCARABAJO, BEETLE