Competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector industrial a nivel micro, en el cantón de Pérez Zeledón.
Fecha
2018
Autores
Chacón Garro, José Mauricio
Delgado Delgado, Edward Andrés
Barrantes Jiménez, Steven Alberto
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
A nivel nacional el 75.5% del parque empresarial corresponde a micros, pequeños y medianos empresarios, por lo que realizar un estudio de competitividad a nivel micro para conocer el desarrollo y aplicación de los adecuados procesos internos es de suma importancia, ya que de esto depende su permanencia en el entorno de los negocios, máxime cuando son la principal fuente de trabajo en el país, por lo que propicia la movilidad social. Este es un factor que justifica el desarrollo de esta investigación en la zona de Pérez Zeledón, para evaluar el nivel de competitividad a nivel micro en las MiPymes del sector industrial.
Este estudio brinda un diagnóstico de las condiciones internas en cuanto a la implementación de los distintos procesos para el adecuado funcionamiento de la empresa; por lo tanto, el planteamiento de los objetivos va enfocado hacia las respuestas de cada variable del modelo aplicado de manera cuantitativa y descriptiva. Cabe mencionar que el modelo aplicado fue el modelo del BID, el cual utiliza las siguientes variables: planeación estratégica, producción y aprovisionamiento, aseguramiento de la calidad, comercialización, contabilidad y finanzas, recursos humanos, gestión ambiental y sistemas de información. La herramienta aplicada va con base en el mapa de competitividad del BID, el cual se presenta bajo la forma de un cuestionario estructurado, con respuesta tipo escala, que permite examinar cómo visualizan los empresarios el nivel de competitividad que alcanza la empresa en relación con otras organizaciones de una región en específico, en este caso de Pérez Zeledón.
Por otra parte, es importante destacar las leyes y normas que apoyan y fortalecen el desarrollo de las MiPymes como los son la Ley #8262, Ley de fortalecimiento para las pequeñas y medianas empresas y la Ley #8634 de sistema de banca para el desarrollo, las cuales vienen a darle asesoría y financiamiento a este pequeño sector empresarial. Una vez aplicada la herramienta de estudio, se realiza el análisis e interpretación de los datos, donde se examina cada indicador como tal hasta la variable que encierra a los indicadores, brindando resultados concretos donde se determina la competitividad de las MiPymes a nivel micro del sector industrial, y proporcionando un panorama de las fortalezas y debilidades de estas empresas actualmente. Por último, después de esto, se aportan las conclusiones de dicho análisis y se proponen recomendaciones como posibles opciones de mejora para incrementar el nivel competitivo de estos proyectos de negocio.
At the national level 75.5% of the business park corresponds to micro, small and medium entrepreneurs, so conducting a study of competitiveness at the micro level to learn about the development and application of appropriate internal processes is extremely important, since their permanence in the business environment depends on this, especially when they are the main source of employment in the country, so it promotes social mobility. This is a factor that justifies the development of this research in the area of Perez Zeledon, to assess the level of competitiveness at the micro level in the MSMEs of the industrial sector. This study provides a diagnosis of the internal conditions regarding the implementation of the different processes for the proper functioning of the company; therefore, the approach of the objectives is focused on the answers of each variable of the model applied in a quantitative and descriptive way. It is worth mentioning that the model applied was the IDB model, which uses the following variables: strategic planning, production and procurement, quality assurance, marketing, accounting and finance, human resources, environmental management and information systems. The tool applied is based on the IDB's competitiveness map, which is presented in the form of a structured questionnaire, with scale type response, that allows to examine how entrepreneurs visualize the level of competitiveness reached by the company in relation to other organizations in a specific region, in this case of Perez Zeledon. On the other hand, it is important to highlight the laws and regulations that support and strengthen the development of MSMEs, such as Law #8262, the Law for the Strengthening of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, and Law #8634 on the Development Banking System, which provide advice and financing to this small business sector. Once the study tool is applied, the data is analyzed and interpreted, where each indicator is examined as such up to the variable that encloses the indicators, providing concrete results where the competitiveness of the MiPymes is determined at the micro level of the industrial sector, and providing a panorama of the strengths and weaknesses of these companies at present. Finally, after this, the conclusions of this analysis are provided and recommendations are proposed as possible options for improvement to increase the competitive level of these business projects.
At the national level 75.5% of the business park corresponds to micro, small and medium entrepreneurs, so conducting a study of competitiveness at the micro level to learn about the development and application of appropriate internal processes is extremely important, since their permanence in the business environment depends on this, especially when they are the main source of employment in the country, so it promotes social mobility. This is a factor that justifies the development of this research in the area of Perez Zeledon, to assess the level of competitiveness at the micro level in the MSMEs of the industrial sector. This study provides a diagnosis of the internal conditions regarding the implementation of the different processes for the proper functioning of the company; therefore, the approach of the objectives is focused on the answers of each variable of the model applied in a quantitative and descriptive way. It is worth mentioning that the model applied was the IDB model, which uses the following variables: strategic planning, production and procurement, quality assurance, marketing, accounting and finance, human resources, environmental management and information systems. The tool applied is based on the IDB's competitiveness map, which is presented in the form of a structured questionnaire, with scale type response, that allows to examine how entrepreneurs visualize the level of competitiveness reached by the company in relation to other organizations in a specific region, in this case of Perez Zeledon. On the other hand, it is important to highlight the laws and regulations that support and strengthen the development of MSMEs, such as Law #8262, the Law for the Strengthening of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, and Law #8634 on the Development Banking System, which provide advice and financing to this small business sector. Once the study tool is applied, the data is analyzed and interpreted, where each indicator is examined as such up to the variable that encloses the indicators, providing concrete results where the competitiveness of the MiPymes is determined at the micro level of the industrial sector, and providing a panorama of the strengths and weaknesses of these companies at present. Finally, after this, the conclusions of this analysis are provided and recommendations are proposed as possible options for improvement to increase the competitive level of these business projects.
Descripción
Informe del seminario de graduación para optar por el grado académico de Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Gestión Financiera.
Palabras clave
PYMES, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN (SAN JOSÉ), ADMINISTRACIÓN, ADMINISTRATION, SMALL BUSINESSES