Propuesta para la Gestión de Calidad de Proyectos de Obra Pública en la fase de Preinversión de la Municipalidad de Heredia. Período 2019-2023
Fecha
2024-04
Autores
Herrera Corrales, Andrés Josué
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Editor
Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible
Resumen
Con la aprobación de la Ley N°9986, la Ley General de Contratación Pública (2023), la Municipalidad de Heredia se ve en la obligación de cambiar la metodología para la aprobación de los proyectos de obra pública, ya que en la actualidad no se cuenta con un adecuado proceso de preinversión. Actualmente lo que se revisa son los avances o el entregable final del proyecto y no se realiza un verdadero seguimiento según el ciclo de vida de los proyectos. Los procesos de pre-inversión se implementan en forma precipitada, y son poco precisos para poder sacar adelante los proyectos actuales y ejecutar el presupuesto del año en su mayor parte, sin embargo, no está muy especializado y hacen falta mejoras en este proceso.
El Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica (2022), define el ciclo de vida de los proyectos como el “proceso de transformación o maduración que experimenta todo proyecto de inversión a través de su vida, desde la expresión de una idea de inversión hasta el aprovechamiento de los bienes o servicios generados encumplimiento de los objetivos y resultados esperados, según el tipo de proyecto”. Sin embargo, para una adecuada formulación, gestión y evaluación de proyectos, es importante la gestión de calidad, para ver el impacto de todas las fases en el proyecto final.
Por las características de esta investigación, se hizo un estudio de caso de la Municipalidad de Heredia, logrando una relación directa entre el objeto de estudio que es la fase de preinversión de los proyectos de obra pública y el contexto en el que se encuentra la Municipalidad de Heredia, permitiendo que el problema en investigación pueda ser validado por los diferentes profesionales de la institución durante la investigación.
Se identificaron los factores que promueven o limitan la gestión de la calidad de proyectos de obra pública en la fase de preinversión del ciclo de vida de los proyectos de la Municipalidad de Heredia, así como las oportunidades de mejora del proceso.
Se planteó una propuesta metodológica para el proceso de la gestión de calidad de la fase de preinversión de la Municipalidad de Heredia. La metodología tiene como objetivo proponer un método efectivo que sea capaz de evaluar la fase de preinversión del ciclo de vida de los proyectos.
Se concluye que es necesaria una gestión de calidad en la fase de preinversión de los proyectos de obra pública para que el proceso de contratación sea de alguna u otra forma más eficaz y, por ende, se logre una mejor y mayor ejecución presupuestaria para los años siguientes.
With the approval of Law No. 9986, the General Public Procurement Law (2023), the Municipality of Heredia is forced to change the methodology for the approval of public works projects, since currently it is not It has an adequate pre-investment process. Currently, what is reviewed are the progress or the final deliverable of the project and no true monitoring is conducted according to the life cycle of the projects. Pre-investment processes are implemented hastily and are not very precise to be able to conduct current projects and execute the year's budget for the most part, however, it is not very specialized, and improvements are needed in this process. The Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (2022) defines the life cycle of projects as the “transformation or maturation process that every investment project experiences throughout its life, from the expression of an investment idea to the “use of the goods or services generated in compliance with the objectives and expected results, depending on the type of project.” However, for adequate project formulation, management and evaluation, quality management is important, to see the impact of all phases on the final product of the project. Due to the characteristics of the research, a case study of the Municipality of Heredia was conducted, achieving a direct relationship between the object of study, which is the pre-investment phase of public works projects, and the context in which the Municipality is located. de Heredia, allowing the problem under investigation to be validated by the different professionals of the institution during the investigation. The specific objectives pursue the identification of the factors that promote or limit the quality management of public works projects in the pre-investment phase of the life cycle of the projects of the Municipality of Heredia, as well as the opportunities to improve the process. Thanks to the above, a methodological proposal is proposed for the quality management process of the pre-investment phase of the Municipality of Heredia. The methodology aims to propose an effective method that is capable of evaluating the pre investment phase of the projects' life cycle. It is concluded that quality management is necessary in the pre-investment phase of public works projects so that the contracting process is in one way or another more effective and, therefore, better, and greater budget execution is achieved for the years following.
With the approval of Law No. 9986, the General Public Procurement Law (2023), the Municipality of Heredia is forced to change the methodology for the approval of public works projects, since currently it is not It has an adequate pre-investment process. Currently, what is reviewed are the progress or the final deliverable of the project and no true monitoring is conducted according to the life cycle of the projects. Pre-investment processes are implemented hastily and are not very precise to be able to conduct current projects and execute the year's budget for the most part, however, it is not very specialized, and improvements are needed in this process. The Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (2022) defines the life cycle of projects as the “transformation or maturation process that every investment project experiences throughout its life, from the expression of an investment idea to the “use of the goods or services generated in compliance with the objectives and expected results, depending on the type of project.” However, for adequate project formulation, management and evaluation, quality management is important, to see the impact of all phases on the final product of the project. Due to the characteristics of the research, a case study of the Municipality of Heredia was conducted, achieving a direct relationship between the object of study, which is the pre-investment phase of public works projects, and the context in which the Municipality is located. de Heredia, allowing the problem under investigation to be validated by the different professionals of the institution during the investigation. The specific objectives pursue the identification of the factors that promote or limit the quality management of public works projects in the pre-investment phase of the life cycle of the projects of the Municipality of Heredia, as well as the opportunities to improve the process. Thanks to the above, a methodological proposal is proposed for the quality management process of the pre-investment phase of the Municipality of Heredia. The methodology aims to propose an effective method that is capable of evaluating the pre investment phase of the projects' life cycle. It is concluded that quality management is necessary in the pre-investment phase of public works projects so that the contracting process is in one way or another more effective and, therefore, better, and greater budget execution is achieved for the years following.
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ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA, CONTROL DE CALIDAD , MUNICIPALIDAD DE HEREDIA, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, QUALITY CONTROL