Crecimiento corporal de novillas de reemplazo en fincas lecheras de Costa Rica. 2. Efecto de la tasa de crecimiento y edad al primer parto sobre la producción de leche durante la primera lactancia
Archivos
Fecha
1997
Autores
Solano, Cesar
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Asociación Latinoamericana de Producción Animal
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio con 727 novillas de reemplazo (434 Holstein y 293 Jersey) de 24 fincas lecheras de dos zonas de Costa Rica para cuantificar el efecto de la velocidad de crecimiento prepubertal (GDPPR, entre 3 y 10 meses) y pospubertal (GDPPO, entre 11 y 18 meses) y la edad al primer parto (EDPP) sobre la producción de leche durante la primera lactancia (P305). Los parámetros de las curvas individuales de crecimiento de las novillas fueron generados a través del ajuste de las mismas al modelo matemático de Brody. De la ecuación se derivaron las ganancias diarias de peso instantáneas para cada mes de edad 1 hasta 18 y se calcularon las ganancias diarias promedio para cada etapa. Con el objetivo de determinar los efectos significativos y las medias de mínimos cuadrados, se realizó un análisis de varianza de modelo lineal con efectos fijos, una covariable (EDPP) e interacciones relevantes. Se analizaron los efectos de las variables GDPPR y GDPPO, tanto como efetos fijos en categorías de ganancia diaria de peso (cGDPPR y cGDPPO) como por su efecto de regresión (covGDPPR y covGDPPO) sobre P3052. Los análisis fueron realizados independientemente para cada raza. Los resultados mostraron que el ajuste global de las curvas individuales al modelo matemático fue eficiente. El análisis de covarianza mostró una relación positiva (P < 0.01) entre EDPP y P305 tanto en la raza Jersey (b = 75.03). Los efectos de cGDPPR y cGDPPO sobre P305 fueron significativos (P < 0.009 y P <0.03) solamente en la raza Holstein, observándose una realción positiva entre ambas. Los coeficientes de regresión covGDPPR y covGDPPO fueron b = 2.06 y b = 1.76, respectivamente. Se detectaron efectos (P < 0.01) de zona de vida, finca anidado en zona y el año de parto tanto en Holstein como Jersey, mostrándose un incremento en la producción durante la primera lactancia a través de los años estudiados. Se concluye que existe un efecto importante de la velocidad de crecimiento sobre la subsecuente producción de leche, teniendo un efecto mayor el crecimiento prepubertal.
A study was conducted with 727 replacement heifers (434 Holstein and 293 Jersey) from 24 dairy farms in two zones of Costa Rica to quantify the effect of prepubertal (GDPPR, between 3 and 10 months) and postpubertal (GDPPO, between 11 and 18 months) growth rate and age at first calving (EDPP) on milk production during the first lactation (P305). The parameters of the individual heifer growth curves were generated by fitting them to Brody's mathematical model. From the equation, instantaneous daily weight gains were derived for each month of age 1 through 18 and average daily gains were calculated for each stage. In order to determine significant effects and least squares means, a linear model analysis of variance with fixed effects, one covariate (EDPP) and relevant interactions was performed. The effects of the variables GDPPR and GDPPO were analyzed, both as fixed effects in daily weight gain categories (cGDPPR and cGDPPO) and as regression effects (covGDPPR and covGDPPO) on P3052. The analyses were performed independently for each breed. The results showed that the overall fit of the individual curves to the mathematical model was efficient. Analysis of covariance showed a positive relationship (P < 0.01) between EDPP and P305 in both the Jersey breed (b = 75.03). The effects of cGDPPR and cGDPPO on P305 were significant (P < 0.009 and P < 0.03) only in the Holstein breed, showing a positive relationship between the two. The regression coefficients covGDPPR and covGDPPO were b = 2.06 and b = 1.76, respectively. Effects (P < 0.01) of life zone, farm nested in zone and calving year were detected in both Holstein and Jersey, showing an increase in production during the first lactation across the years studied. It is concluded that there is a significant effect of growth rate on subsequent milk production, with prepubertal growth having a greater effect.
A study was conducted with 727 replacement heifers (434 Holstein and 293 Jersey) from 24 dairy farms in two zones of Costa Rica to quantify the effect of prepubertal (GDPPR, between 3 and 10 months) and postpubertal (GDPPO, between 11 and 18 months) growth rate and age at first calving (EDPP) on milk production during the first lactation (P305). The parameters of the individual heifer growth curves were generated by fitting them to Brody's mathematical model. From the equation, instantaneous daily weight gains were derived for each month of age 1 through 18 and average daily gains were calculated for each stage. In order to determine significant effects and least squares means, a linear model analysis of variance with fixed effects, one covariate (EDPP) and relevant interactions was performed. The effects of the variables GDPPR and GDPPO were analyzed, both as fixed effects in daily weight gain categories (cGDPPR and cGDPPO) and as regression effects (covGDPPR and covGDPPO) on P3052. The analyses were performed independently for each breed. The results showed that the overall fit of the individual curves to the mathematical model was efficient. Analysis of covariance showed a positive relationship (P < 0.01) between EDPP and P305 in both the Jersey breed (b = 75.03). The effects of cGDPPR and cGDPPO on P305 were significant (P < 0.009 and P < 0.03) only in the Holstein breed, showing a positive relationship between the two. The regression coefficients covGDPPR and covGDPPO were b = 2.06 and b = 1.76, respectively. Effects (P < 0.01) of life zone, farm nested in zone and calving year were detected in both Holstein and Jersey, showing an increase in production during the first lactation across the years studied. It is concluded that there is a significant effect of growth rate on subsequent milk production, with prepubertal growth having a greater effect.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, GANADO DE LECHE, DAIRY CATTLE, NOVILLOS, COSTA RICA, MILK PRODUCTION