Estructura Y Estado De Conservación De La Comunidad De Peces En La Zona Arrecifal Del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Costa Rica, Para El Planeamiento De Acciones De Manejo
Fecha
2021
Autores
López Ríos, Humberto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El Parque Nacional Cahuita se encuentra en la región Caribe Sur de Costa Rica. El arrecife de coral que rodea la Punta Cahuita es el de mayor importancia en el país por su tamaño y número de especies de coral. Sin embargo, se desconoce la estructura y el estado de conservación actual de la ictiofauna arrecifal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la comunidad íctica de la zona arrecifal, para el planteamiento de propuestas de pautas de manejo de los recursos ícticos. Se realizaron 8 muestreos, en abril, mayo,setiembre y octubre del 2018; en mayo, setiembre y octubre del 2019, en tres zonas del arrecife de, Playa Blanca, Punta Cahuita y Puerto Vargas, a profundidades de 1, 6 y 10 m. Se realizaron 21 video transectos de 100 x 2 m cada uno, contabilizando 4.345 individuos que corresponden a 90
especies distribuidas en 28 familias y 47 géneros. Lasfamilias más numerosasfueron Labridae con 12 especies, Haemulidae con 10 especies, Pomacentridae con 10 especies, Scaridae con 8 especies, Labrisomidae con 7 especies, Lutjanidae y Gobiidae con 6 especies respectivamente. Se reportan tres nuevos registros de peces en la zona de Puerto Vargas: Nomeus gronovii, Labrisomus conditus y Syngnatus caribbaeus a profundidades entre 1, 6 y 10 m. Las especies observadas en todos los muestreos fueron Stegastes adustus, Stegastes diencaeus, Stegastes spp, Haemulon macrostomum y Thalassoma bifasciatum. Los índices ecológicos de diversidad y riqueza superiores se presentaron en Puerto Vargas a 6 m de profundidad. Igualmente, a 1 metro, este sitio mostró el valor superior en equidad de las especies presentes en el arrecife. Las densidades de herbívoros y carnívoros según la
clasificación de bioindicadores se encuentran en una situación crítica. Además, la sedimentación es un problema que está provocando la degradación lenta del arrecife de coral, el aumento de macroalgas en el ecosistema y la migración de especies de peces con limitada capacidad de adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones. Por esta razón, las pautas de manejo recomendadas para la conservación de la ictiofauna fueron dirigidas al monitoreo y reducción de las presiones antrópicas sobre el ecosistema marino.
The Cahuita National Park is located in the South Caribbean region of Costa Rica. The coral reef that surrounds Punta Cahuita is the most important in the country due to its size and number of coral species. However, the current structure and conservation status of the reef fish fauna is unknown. The objective of this research was to characterize the fish community of the reef zone, for the proposal of guidelines for the management of fish resources. 8 samplings were carried out, in April, May, September and October 2018; in May, September and October 2019, in three areas of the reef, Playa Blanca, Punta Cahuita and Puerto Vargas, at depths of 1, 6 and 10 m. Twenty-one video transects of 100 x 2 m each were made, accounting for 4,345 individuals corresponding to 90 species distributed in 28 families and 47 genera. The largest families were Labridae with 12 species, Haemulidae with 10 species, Pomacentridae with 10 species, Scaridae with 8 species, Labrisomidae with 7 species, Lutjanidae and Gobiidae with 6 species, respectively. Three new fish records are reported in the Puerto Vargas area: Nomeus gronovii, Labrisomus conditus and Syngnatus caribbaeus at depths between 1, 6 and 10 m. The species observed in all samples were Stegastes adustus, Stegastes diencaeus, Stegastes spp, Haemulon macrostomum and Thalassoma bifasciatum. The highest ecological indexes of diversity and richness were found in Puerto Vargas at a depth of 6 m. Likewise, at 1 meter, this site showed the highest equity value of the species present on the reef. The densities of herbivores and carnivores according to the classification of bioindicators are in a critical situation. In addition, sedimentation is a problem that is causing the slow degradation of the coral reef, the increase of macroalgae in the ecosystem and the migration of fish species with limited ability to adapt to new conditions. For this reason, the recommended management guidelines for the conservation of the ichthyofauna were aimed at monitoring and reducing anthropogenic pressures on the marine ecosystem.
The Cahuita National Park is located in the South Caribbean region of Costa Rica. The coral reef that surrounds Punta Cahuita is the most important in the country due to its size and number of coral species. However, the current structure and conservation status of the reef fish fauna is unknown. The objective of this research was to characterize the fish community of the reef zone, for the proposal of guidelines for the management of fish resources. 8 samplings were carried out, in April, May, September and October 2018; in May, September and October 2019, in three areas of the reef, Playa Blanca, Punta Cahuita and Puerto Vargas, at depths of 1, 6 and 10 m. Twenty-one video transects of 100 x 2 m each were made, accounting for 4,345 individuals corresponding to 90 species distributed in 28 families and 47 genera. The largest families were Labridae with 12 species, Haemulidae with 10 species, Pomacentridae with 10 species, Scaridae with 8 species, Labrisomidae with 7 species, Lutjanidae and Gobiidae with 6 species, respectively. Three new fish records are reported in the Puerto Vargas area: Nomeus gronovii, Labrisomus conditus and Syngnatus caribbaeus at depths between 1, 6 and 10 m. The species observed in all samples were Stegastes adustus, Stegastes diencaeus, Stegastes spp, Haemulon macrostomum and Thalassoma bifasciatum. The highest ecological indexes of diversity and richness were found in Puerto Vargas at a depth of 6 m. Likewise, at 1 meter, this site showed the highest equity value of the species present on the reef. The densities of herbivores and carnivores according to the classification of bioindicators are in a critical situation. In addition, sedimentation is a problem that is causing the slow degradation of the coral reef, the increase of macroalgae in the ecosystem and the migration of fish species with limited ability to adapt to new conditions. For this reason, the recommended management guidelines for the conservation of the ichthyofauna were aimed at monitoring and reducing anthropogenic pressures on the marine ecosystem.
Descripción
López Ríos, H. (2021). Estructura Y Estado De Conservación De La Comunidad De Peces En La Zona Arrecifal Del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Costa Rica, Para El Planeamiento De Acciones De Manejo. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA (COSTA RICA), PECES, ARRECIFES, HABITAT, FISHES, RECURSOS NATURALES, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, AREAS PROTEGIDAS, REEFS