Determinación del Balance Hídrico para estimar la recarga potencial del Reservorio Los Lirios, Agua Caliente, Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023-02
Autores
Castillo Zamora, Carlos José
Sequeira Gómez, Humberto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Sede Regional Chorotega
Resumen
Este proyecto se basó en realizar un balance hídrico para estimar la recarga potencial
del área de estudio y la velocidad de infiltración del reservorio Los Lirios, Agua Caliente,
Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; con el fin de analizar la recarga e infiltración del manto
acuífero. El reservorio tiene un área aproximada de 800 m2 y una capacidad de almacenaje
de 10 mil m3.
Este reservorio pertenece al proyecto de siembra y cosecha de agua de lluvia del
Instituto de Desarrollo Rural (INDER), y desde su construcción en el año 2019, no cuenta con
ningún estudio hidrológico que analice y valide las condiciones y el funcionamiento de este.
De ahí, es que surge la necesidad por parte del INDER de estudiar y comprender estas
estructuras.
Para cumplir con los objetivos del trabajo, se realizaron pruebas de infiltración según
el Reglamento para la disposición al subsuelo de aguas residuales ordinarias tratadas y un
balance hídrico según el modelo de cálculo planteado por Schosinsky. Además, se
reconocerán los posibles servicios ecosistémicos del reservorio y se brindará una serie de
mejoras para optimar el funcionamiento del reservorio.
Al realizar las pruebas de infiltración en el reservorio se logra estimar una tasa de
infiltración de 10 cm/min y una velocidad de recarga para el reservorio de 0,040 m/día. Una
vez realzado el balance hídrico de suelos, se logra estimar la recarga potencial anual de la
zona de estudio, la cual es de 325,93 mm, lo que equivale a 6 551,19 m3 de agua, la cual
infiltra y recarga al acuífero.
Se concluye que el reservorio permite la infiltración y alimentación de las zonas bajas,
lo cual fomenta la creación de ojos de agua; además, mediante esta metodología se permite
dotar de agua a zonas rurales de la provincia para sus actividades productivas y económicas,
especialmente en los meses de mayor necesidad por la escasez hídrica, mediante el
aprovechamiento del agua de las lluvias.
This project was based on carrying out a water balance to estimate the potential recharge of the study area and the infiltration rate of the Los Lirios reservoir, Agua Caliente, Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; to analyze the recharge and infiltration of the aquifer mantle. The reservoir has an approximate area of 800 m2 and a storage capacity of 10,000 m3. This reservoir belongs to the INDER rainwater planting and harvesting project, and since its construction in 2019, it does not have any hydrological study that analyzes and validates its conditions and operation. Hence, the need for INDER to study and understand these structures arises. The objectives of the research were, infiltration tests according to the regulation for the disposal of treated ordinary wastewater into the subsoil and a water balance according to the calculation model proposed by Schosinsky. In addition, the possible ecosystem services of the reservoir will be recognized, and a series of improvements will be provided to optimize the functioning of the reservoir. When carrying out the infiltration tests in the reservoir, it is possible to estimate an infiltration rate of 10 cm/min and a recharge speed for the reservoir of 0.040 m/day. Once the soil water balance has been highlighted, it is possible to estimate the potential annual recharge of the study area, which is 325.93 mm, which is equivalent to 6,551.19 m3 of water, which infiltrates and recharges the aquifer. It is concluded that the reservoir allows the infiltration and feeding of the low areas, which encourages the creation of water eyes; In addition, through this methodology it is possible to provide water to rural areas of the province for their productive and economic activities, especially in the months of greatest need due to water scarcity, using rainwater.
This project was based on carrying out a water balance to estimate the potential recharge of the study area and the infiltration rate of the Los Lirios reservoir, Agua Caliente, Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; to analyze the recharge and infiltration of the aquifer mantle. The reservoir has an approximate area of 800 m2 and a storage capacity of 10,000 m3. This reservoir belongs to the INDER rainwater planting and harvesting project, and since its construction in 2019, it does not have any hydrological study that analyzes and validates its conditions and operation. Hence, the need for INDER to study and understand these structures arises. The objectives of the research were, infiltration tests according to the regulation for the disposal of treated ordinary wastewater into the subsoil and a water balance according to the calculation model proposed by Schosinsky. In addition, the possible ecosystem services of the reservoir will be recognized, and a series of improvements will be provided to optimize the functioning of the reservoir. When carrying out the infiltration tests in the reservoir, it is possible to estimate an infiltration rate of 10 cm/min and a recharge speed for the reservoir of 0.040 m/day. Once the soil water balance has been highlighted, it is possible to estimate the potential annual recharge of the study area, which is 325.93 mm, which is equivalent to 6,551.19 m3 of water, which infiltrates and recharges the aquifer. It is concluded that the reservoir allows the infiltration and feeding of the low areas, which encourages the creation of water eyes; In addition, through this methodology it is possible to provide water to rural areas of the province for their productive and economic activities, especially in the months of greatest need due to water scarcity, using rainwater.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, EQUILIBRIO HÍDRICO, CONSERVACION DE AGUAS, RECURSOS HIDRICOS, LLUVIA, SUELOS, LOS LIRIOS (BARRIO), AGUA CALIENTE (CAÑAS), CAÑAS (GUANACASTE), GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, WATER BALANCE, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER RESOURCES, RAINFALL, SOILS