La cooperación técnica canadiense para el sector eléctrico costarricense: el caso del Proyecto de Energía Eléctrica en el Istmo Centroamericano del Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, período 1999-2004
Fecha
2006
Autores
González Quirós, Hassell
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El Proyecto de Energía Eléctrica en el Istmo Centroamericano (PREEICA) fue promovido en 1997 por el gobierno canadiense con el afán de colaborar con los pases centroamericanos en el fortalecimiento de sus subsectores eléctricos, a partir de las reformas que se estaban registrando desde finales de los años 80. El tema de la condicionalidad en la cooperación internacional, cada vez toma más fuerza dentro del ámbito de las fuentes de cooperación, toda vez que con ella se pretende reorientar las ayudas hacia los temas y proyectos que son de interés para las mismas. Esta circunstancia provoca, en muchos casos, que la dirección de esas ayudas no sea la que más necesitan los países solicitantes, los cuales dejan de percibirlas si no han realizado reformas o cambios en sus estructuras económicas internas. Este es el caso del ICE en Costa Rica, institución que mantiene el monopolio estatal en el tema electricidad, que en el marco del PREEICA obtuvo un porcentaje de participación menor respecto del resto de países centroamericanos, los cuales sí llevaron a cabo procesos de apertura y privatización de sus mercados eléctricos. A pesar de la situación del ICE, se logró desarrollar con éxito varios proyectos que permitieron fortalecer la capacidad técnica instalada en la institución, lo que hizo que se aprovecharan recursos que cada vez son más escasos. La experiencia obtenida a partir del PREEICA sugiere que el ICE debe buscar convertirse en un socio de los organismos ejecutores que establezcan proyectos regionales, en los que el ICE puede participar, y consecuentemente, obtener recursos complementarios que apoyen y fortalezcan su gestión.
The Electric Energy Project for the Central American Isthmus (PREEICA, for its initials in Spanish) was promoted in 1997 by the Canadian government, with the intention of collaborating with the Central American countries in the strengthening of electricity sub sectors, based on the reforms that were taking place since the late 80's. The topic of conditionality in international cooperation is gaining strength within the scope of cooperation sources, whenever it is used to try to redirect support towards topics and projects of particular interest for cooperation sources. This situation often causes this support not to be directed to what the petitioning countries need most, and they fail to receive that help if reforms or changes have not taken place in their internal economic structures. This is the case of ICE in Costa Rica, an institution that holds state monopoly in electricity and that obtained a lower participation percentage in the PREEICA framework, compared to the other Central American countries, which actually executed opening and privatization processes of their electricity markets. In spite of ICE's situation, it was possible to successfully develop several projects that allowed strengthening the technical capacity installed in the institution, which in turn caused the good use of resources that are growingly insufficient. The experience obtained through PREEICA suggests that ICE must seek to become a partner of executor organizations that establish regional projects, in which ICE can participate and hence obtain additional resources that will support and strengthen its job.
The Electric Energy Project for the Central American Isthmus (PREEICA, for its initials in Spanish) was promoted in 1997 by the Canadian government, with the intention of collaborating with the Central American countries in the strengthening of electricity sub sectors, based on the reforms that were taking place since the late 80's. The topic of conditionality in international cooperation is gaining strength within the scope of cooperation sources, whenever it is used to try to redirect support towards topics and projects of particular interest for cooperation sources. This situation often causes this support not to be directed to what the petitioning countries need most, and they fail to receive that help if reforms or changes have not taken place in their internal economic structures. This is the case of ICE in Costa Rica, an institution that holds state monopoly in electricity and that obtained a lower participation percentage in the PREEICA framework, compared to the other Central American countries, which actually executed opening and privatization processes of their electricity markets. In spite of ICE's situation, it was possible to successfully develop several projects that allowed strengthening the technical capacity installed in the institution, which in turn caused the good use of resources that are growingly insufficient. The experience obtained through PREEICA suggests that ICE must seek to become a partner of executor organizations that establish regional projects, in which ICE can participate and hence obtain additional resources that will support and strengthen its job.
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Palabras clave
COOPERACIÓN TÉCNICA, ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA, INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ELECTRICIDAD, PROYECTOS, COSTA RICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICAL ENERGY, PROJECTS, TECHNICAL COOPERATION