El rol de la AOD en la atención de refugiados colombianos, jefes de hogar, en el ámbito sociolaboral 2005-2010: el caso de Costa Rica
Fecha
2013
Autores
Arias Salazar, Liseth
Escobar Marenco, Raquel
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las interrelaciones de cooperación entre los Estados son trascendentales, pues en la mayoría de los casos determinan las opciones de ayuda viable destinada a compensar las diferentes necesidades de los grupos menos favorecidos. En el caso de la población colombiana con estatus de refugiado dentro de las fronteras costarricenses es uno de tantos temas que requieren apoyo y de una logística que les ayude en su proceso de adaptación en un país ajeno al propio.
Para ubicarse en un nuevo país el individuo requiere pasar por un proceso de adaptación que le permita aprender sobre su nuevo ambiente para lo que se requiere independencia, y definitivamente es el trabajo el medio que permite obtener ingresos para subsanar las necesidades básicas y asegurarse una mejor calidad de vida.
Es importante darle un mayor impulso a mayores oportunidades de trabajo para los refugiados y refugiadas, por lo que la coexistencia de una propuesta de cooperación horizontal enfocado en el ámbito socio-laboral entre el Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, la Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería y el Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de vida de las y los refugiados colombianos, jefes de hogar en Costa Rica al permitirles ser autosuficientes y reorganizar su vida por medio del fruto de su propio trabajo.
El Estado, al igual que los organismos internacionales, organizaciones no gubernamentales y otros actores, trabajan de forma individual y conjunta por el bienestar de este grupo vulnerable, por lo que la elaboración de una propuesta de cooperación es una manera coordinada de ayudar a los refugiados, garantizando un buen manejo de los recursos económicos.
Por lo tanto, es importante que los países desarrollados, no solo se comprometan, sino que también cumplan con sus obligaciones de ayudar a los más necesitados brindando su asistencia por medio de la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo, cuyo objetivo primordial es el desarrollo económico y social del país receptor.
Por ello, uno de los propósitos de este trabajo consiste en impulsar la creación de proyectos por medio de nuevos mecanismos como la colaboración horizontal para incentivar el intercambio de conocimiento y fortalecimiento de temas tan sensibles como es la exclusión laboral en el caso de los refugiados y poder así promover, alinear y armonizar los proyectos, los cuales son elementos claves para una mejor administración de los recursos.
En cuanto a su alcance, la propuesta permitió identificar áreas sensibles, deficiencias y fortalezas que urgen de atención para mejorar las condiciones de los refugiados en este país.
Para efectos de este trabajo, es pertinente definir el concepto acciones estatales, estas deben ser entendidas como: el conjunto de alternativas, opciones, iniciativas o posibilidades de las cuales el aparato estatal hace uso dentro de sus instituciones, para dar respuesta favorable a determinada problemática en el país. Lo anterior por cuanto la estructura en materia de cooperación enfocado en el tema de refugiados es poco representativa, y no es oportuno referirse a esta como políticas públicas, sino, como una normativa estatal en procura del bienestar de un grupo vulnerable, los refugiados colombianos.
Cabe señalar que, las motivaciones de las personas para dejar sus pueblos natales se enmarcan en un contexto por salvaguardar su integridad física; por lo tanto, son fundadas desde la percepción de inseguridad o peligro. Estos factores suscitan el éxodo masivo de las personas hacia otras latitudes, en su anhelo por encontrar mejores y mayores oportunidades de crecimiento en áreas como la integridad física, mental y social, así como de mayor protección; aspectos que han sido lesionados por el flagelo de las guerras, inseguridad y el desempleo.
The interrelationships of cooperation between States are transcendental, since in most cases they determine the options for viable aid aimed at compensating the different needs of the least favored groups. In the case of the Colombian population with refugee status within Costa Rican borders, it is one of many issues that require support and logistics to help them in their adaptation process in a country foreign to their own. In order to settle in a new country, the individual needs to go through a process of adaptation that allows him/her to learn about his/her new environment, which requires independence, and work is definitely the way to obtain income to meet basic needs and ensure a better quality of life. It is important to give greater impetus to greater job opportunities for refugees, so the coexistence of a proposal for horizontal cooperation focused on the socio-labor field between the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Directorate General of Migration and Aliens and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is essential to improve the quality of life of Colombian refugees, heads of households in Costa Rica by allowing them to be self-sufficient and reorganize their lives through the fruits of their own labor. The State, as well as international agencies, non-governmental organizations and other actors, work individually and jointly for the welfare of this vulnerable group, so the development of a cooperation proposal is a coordinated way to help refugees, ensuring a good management of economic resources. Therefore, it is important that developed countries not only commit themselves, but also fulfill their obligations to help those most in need by providing assistance through Official Development Assistance, whose primary objective is the economic and social development of the recipient country. Therefore, one of the purposes of this work is to promote the creation of projects through new mechanisms such as horizontal collaboration to encourage the exchange of knowledge and strengthening of sensitive issues such as labor exclusion in the case of refugees and thus to promote, align and harmonize projects, which are key elements for better management of resources. In terms of scope, the proposal made it possible to identify sensitive areas, deficiencies and strengths that need to be addressed to improve the conditions of refugees in this country. For the purposes of this paper, it is relevant to define the concept of state actions, these should be understood as: the set of alternatives, options, initiatives or possibilities of which the state apparatus makes use within its institutions, to respond favorably to certain problems in the country. This is because the structure in terms of cooperation focused on the issue of refugees is not very representative, and it is not appropriate to refer to this as public policy, but as a state regulation in pursuit of the welfare of a vulnerable group, Colombian refugees. It should be noted that the motivations of people to leave their hometowns are framed in a context of safeguarding their physical integrity; therefore, they are based on the perception of insecurity or danger. These factors cause the massive exodus of people to other latitudes, in their desire to find better and greater opportunities for growth in areas such as physical, mental and social integrity, as well as greater protection; aspects that have been damaged by the scourge of war, insecurity and unemployment.
The interrelationships of cooperation between States are transcendental, since in most cases they determine the options for viable aid aimed at compensating the different needs of the least favored groups. In the case of the Colombian population with refugee status within Costa Rican borders, it is one of many issues that require support and logistics to help them in their adaptation process in a country foreign to their own. In order to settle in a new country, the individual needs to go through a process of adaptation that allows him/her to learn about his/her new environment, which requires independence, and work is definitely the way to obtain income to meet basic needs and ensure a better quality of life. It is important to give greater impetus to greater job opportunities for refugees, so the coexistence of a proposal for horizontal cooperation focused on the socio-labor field between the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Directorate General of Migration and Aliens and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is essential to improve the quality of life of Colombian refugees, heads of households in Costa Rica by allowing them to be self-sufficient and reorganize their lives through the fruits of their own labor. The State, as well as international agencies, non-governmental organizations and other actors, work individually and jointly for the welfare of this vulnerable group, so the development of a cooperation proposal is a coordinated way to help refugees, ensuring a good management of economic resources. Therefore, it is important that developed countries not only commit themselves, but also fulfill their obligations to help those most in need by providing assistance through Official Development Assistance, whose primary objective is the economic and social development of the recipient country. Therefore, one of the purposes of this work is to promote the creation of projects through new mechanisms such as horizontal collaboration to encourage the exchange of knowledge and strengthening of sensitive issues such as labor exclusion in the case of refugees and thus to promote, align and harmonize projects, which are key elements for better management of resources. In terms of scope, the proposal made it possible to identify sensitive areas, deficiencies and strengths that need to be addressed to improve the conditions of refugees in this country. For the purposes of this paper, it is relevant to define the concept of state actions, these should be understood as: the set of alternatives, options, initiatives or possibilities of which the state apparatus makes use within its institutions, to respond favorably to certain problems in the country. This is because the structure in terms of cooperation focused on the issue of refugees is not very representative, and it is not appropriate to refer to this as public policy, but as a state regulation in pursuit of the welfare of a vulnerable group, Colombian refugees. It should be noted that the motivations of people to leave their hometowns are framed in a context of safeguarding their physical integrity; therefore, they are based on the perception of insecurity or danger. These factors cause the massive exodus of people to other latitudes, in their desire to find better and greater opportunities for growth in areas such as physical, mental and social integrity, as well as greater protection; aspects that have been damaged by the scourge of war, insecurity and unemployment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ASPECTOS SOCIALES, CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, COSTA RICA, LEGISLACIÓN, REFUGIADOS, COSTA RICA, LEGISLATION, REFUGEES, SOCIAL ASPECTS, WORKING CONDITIONS