Evaluación del efecto de diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de plata sobre el crecimiento in vitro de plantas de banano Cavendish (Musa acuminata) del cultivar Grand Naine
Fecha
2022
Autores
Montoya Sequeda, Victor
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Recientemente las nanopartículas se han implementado en muchas áreas de la investigación incluyendo la biotecnología vegetal. Por este motivo se ha estudiado el efecto de las nanopartículas metálicas como las de oro (AuNPs), cobre (CuNPs), zinc (Zn NPs) entre otras, en diversas especies vegetales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) sobre el crecimiento de plantas de banano Cavendish. Las nanopartículas fueron
sintetizadas en presencia de quitosano, presentando un diámetro hidrodinámico de 390 nm, un aspecto esférico, una carga superficial de +55.35 mV y absorbancia a los 425 nm. Se observó que el método de síntesis empleado permite obtener nanopartículas de plata estables en el tiempo en concentraciones de 2085 ppm determinado por medio de ICP-MS. Se determinó que las AgNPs tienen un efecto fitotóxico sobre las plantas de banano, ya que estas exhibían menor desarrollo en términos de biomasa fresca y seca de raíces, hojas y pseudotallos en comparación con las de control. Se observó una reducción de biomasa a nivel de las raíces y los pseudotallos en las plantas tratadas con 5, 10 y 15 ppm de AgNPs. Contrariamente, la biomasa en las hojas de las plantas tratadas con 5 ppm y 10 ppm de AgNPs aumentó levemente (2% y 3% respectivamente), mientras
que las tratadas con 15 ppm redujeron su biomasa en un 14% respecto del control. El estudio de traslocación de diferentes concentraciones de AgNPs (0-10 mg/L) demostró que las nanopartículas entran en la planta a través de las raíces y se acumulan en una mayor concentración a este nivel. Sin embargo, luego de 8 semanas las partículas migran a las porciones superiores de la planta a través del tejido vascular. Consecuentemente, la presencia de AgNPs se relaciona con la apariencia
de las raíces quebradizas, además de las hojas y pseudotallos cloróticos.
Nanoparticles have recently been implemented in many areas of research including plant biotechnology. For this reason, the effect of metallic nanoparticles such as gold (AuNPs), copper (CuNPs), zinc (Zn NPs), among others, on various plant species has been studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of Cavendish banana plants. The nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of chitosan, presenting a hydrodynamic diameter of 390 nm, a spherical appearance, a surface charge of +55.35 mV and absorbance at 425 nm. It was observed that the synthesis method used allows obtaining stable silver nanoparticles in concentrations of 2085 ppm determined by ICP-MS. AgNPs were determined to have a phytotoxic effect on banana plants, as they exhibited less development in terms of fresh and dry biomass of roots, leaves and pseudostems compared to the control. A reduction in biomass was observed at the level of the roots and pseudostems in the plants treated with 5, 10 and 15 ppm of AgNPs. In contrast, the biomass in the leaves of the plants treated with 5 ppm and 10 ppm of AgNPs increased slightly (2% and 3% respectively), while that those treated with 15 ppm reduced their biomass by 14% compared to the control. The translocation study of different concentrations of AgNPs (0-10 mg/L) showed that the nanoparticles enter the plant through the roots and accumulate in a higher concentration at this level. However, after 8 weeks the particles migrate to the upper portions of the plant through the vascular tissue. Consequently, the presence of AgNPs is related to the appearance of the brittle roots, in addition to the chlorotic leaves and pseudostems.
Nanoparticles have recently been implemented in many areas of research including plant biotechnology. For this reason, the effect of metallic nanoparticles such as gold (AuNPs), copper (CuNPs), zinc (Zn NPs), among others, on various plant species has been studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of Cavendish banana plants. The nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of chitosan, presenting a hydrodynamic diameter of 390 nm, a spherical appearance, a surface charge of +55.35 mV and absorbance at 425 nm. It was observed that the synthesis method used allows obtaining stable silver nanoparticles in concentrations of 2085 ppm determined by ICP-MS. AgNPs were determined to have a phytotoxic effect on banana plants, as they exhibited less development in terms of fresh and dry biomass of roots, leaves and pseudostems compared to the control. A reduction in biomass was observed at the level of the roots and pseudostems in the plants treated with 5, 10 and 15 ppm of AgNPs. In contrast, the biomass in the leaves of the plants treated with 5 ppm and 10 ppm of AgNPs increased slightly (2% and 3% respectively), while that those treated with 15 ppm reduced their biomass by 14% compared to the control. The translocation study of different concentrations of AgNPs (0-10 mg/L) showed that the nanoparticles enter the plant through the roots and accumulate in a higher concentration at this level. However, after 8 weeks the particles migrate to the upper portions of the plant through the vascular tissue. Consequently, the presence of AgNPs is related to the appearance of the brittle roots, in addition to the chlorotic leaves and pseudostems.
Descripción
Montoya Sequeda, V. (2022). Evaluación del efecto de diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de plata sobre el crecimiento in vitro de plantas de banano Cavendish (Musa acuminata) del cultivar Grand Naine). [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
NANOTECNOLOGÍA, NANOPARTÍCULAS, PLATA, PLANTAS, BANANO, BIOTECNOLOGÍA, QUITOSANO, NANOPARTICLES, BIOTECHNOLOGY