Evaluación de la variación de la concentración de los aldehídos en el agua de lluvia y aire en la Reserva Biológica Los Cusingos
Fecha
2020
Autores
Araya Araya, María Melissa
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se determinó la concentración de siete aldehídos en muestras de aire y agua de lluvia en la Reserva Biológica Los Cusingos, ubicada en Quizarrá de Pérez Zeledón. Se realizaron tres muestreos, comprendidos entre junio y julio del 2017, durante la época lluviosa. Las muestras de aire y de agua de lluvia se mezclan con la 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazina (2,4- DNFH), donde se forma una hidrazona y estas son analizadas por cromatografía líquida de alta presión (HPLC) con detección UV-visible. La validación del método de análisis mostró linealidad de r2 ≥ 0,9991 en cada curva de calibración para cada aldehído y porcentajes de desviación estándar relativo menores al 2,25 % para la repetibilidad. El porcentaje de recuperación para cada aldehído varió entre 94 % y 104 %, los límites de detección estuvieron por encima de 0,032 μg•m-3, y los límites de cuantificación por encima de 0,63 μg•m-3. En las muestras de aire el formaldehído, el acetaldehído y la acroleína fueron los aldehídos más abundantes durante el primer periodo de muestreo con (40,8, 56,1 y 60,6) μg•m-3, respectivamente, mientras que el propanal (4,4 μg•m-3), el butanal (3,0 μg•m-3), el hexanal (18,9 μg•m-3) y el heptanal (1,70 μg•m-3) tuvieron las concentraciones menores. Durante el segundo periodo de muestreo, el acetaldehído fue el aldehído más
abundante (31,6 μg•m-3), seguido del formaldehído (17,2 μg•m-3) y el propanal (2,45 μg•m-3), butanal (2,7 μg•m-3) y hexanal (8,4 μg•m-3) se encontraron por debajo de 10 μg•m-3, mientras que la acroleína y el heptanal se encontraron por debajo del límite de detección de (0,25 y 1,40) μg•m-3 respectivamente. En el tercer periodo de muestreo, el formaldehído, el acetaldehído y la acroleína fueron los aldehídos más abundantes, al igual que el primer periodo de muestreo, sin embargo, sus concentraciones fueron menores con (22,4, 27,7 y 36,0) μg•m-3 respectivamente, mientras que el propanal (2,3 μg•m-3), el butanal (3,4 μg•m-3) y el hexanal (5,7 μg•m-3) tuvieron las menores concentraciones, y el heptanal estuvo por debajo del límite de detección En cuanto al análisis de aldehídos en agua de lluvia, el formaldehído fue el único que se encontró por encima del límite de cuantificación (0,015 mg•L-1) con concentraciones mayores a (0,0439 ± 0,0062) mg•L-1, mientras que el acetaldehído y la acroleína se
encontraron por debajo de éste, y el propanal, el butanal, el hexanal y el heptanal no se lograron determinar por estar debajo del límite de detección a 0,37 μg•m-3, 0,35 μg•m-3, 1,05 μg•m-3 y 1,05 μg•m-3 respectivamente.
The concentration of seven aldehydes was determined in air and rainwater samples in the Los Cusingos Biological Reserve, located in Quizarrá de Pérez Zeledón. Three samplings were carried out, between June and July 2017, during the rainy season. The air and rainwater samples are mixed with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNFH), where a hydrazone is formed and these are analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-visible detection. The validation of the analysis method showed linearity of r2 ≥ 0.9991 in each calibration curve for each aldehyde and relative standard deviation percentages less than 2.25% for repeatability. The recovery percentage for each aldehyde ranged between 94% and 104%, the detection limits were above 0.032 µg • m-3, and the quantification limits were above 0.63 µg • m-3. In the air samples, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the most abundant aldehydes during the first sampling period with (40.8, 56.1 and 60.6) μg • m-3, respectively, while propanal (4.4 μg • m-3), butanal (3.0 μg • m-3), hexanal (18.9 μg • m-3) and heptanal (1.70 μg • m-3) had lower concentrations. During the second sampling period, acetaldehyde was the most abundant aldehyde (31.6 μg • m-3), followed by formaldehyde (17.2 μg • m-3) and propanal (2.45 μg • m-3 ), butanal (2.7 μg • m-3) and hexanal (8.4 μg • m-3) were below 10 μg • m-3, while acrolein and heptanal were below the limit detection of (0.25 and 1.40) μg • m-3 respectively. In the third sampling period, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the most abundant aldehydes, as was the first sampling period, however, their concentrations were lower with (22.4, 27.7 and 36.0 ) μg • m-3 respectively, while propanal (2.3 μg • m-3), butanal (3.4 μg • m-3) and hexanal (5.7 μg • m-3) had the lower concentrations, and heptanal was below the detection limit Regarding the analysis of aldehydes in rainwater, formaldehyde was the only one found above the limit of quantification (0.015 mg • L-1) with concentrations higher than (0.0439 ± 0.0062) mg • L-1, while acetaldehyde and acrolein were below this level, and propanal, butanal, hexanal and heptanal could not be determined because they were below the limit detection at 0.37 µg • m-3, 0.35 µg • m-3, 1.05 µg • m-3 and 1.05 µg • m-3 respectively.
The concentration of seven aldehydes was determined in air and rainwater samples in the Los Cusingos Biological Reserve, located in Quizarrá de Pérez Zeledón. Three samplings were carried out, between June and July 2017, during the rainy season. The air and rainwater samples are mixed with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNFH), where a hydrazone is formed and these are analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-visible detection. The validation of the analysis method showed linearity of r2 ≥ 0.9991 in each calibration curve for each aldehyde and relative standard deviation percentages less than 2.25% for repeatability. The recovery percentage for each aldehyde ranged between 94% and 104%, the detection limits were above 0.032 µg • m-3, and the quantification limits were above 0.63 µg • m-3. In the air samples, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the most abundant aldehydes during the first sampling period with (40.8, 56.1 and 60.6) μg • m-3, respectively, while propanal (4.4 μg • m-3), butanal (3.0 μg • m-3), hexanal (18.9 μg • m-3) and heptanal (1.70 μg • m-3) had lower concentrations. During the second sampling period, acetaldehyde was the most abundant aldehyde (31.6 μg • m-3), followed by formaldehyde (17.2 μg • m-3) and propanal (2.45 μg • m-3 ), butanal (2.7 μg • m-3) and hexanal (8.4 μg • m-3) were below 10 μg • m-3, while acrolein and heptanal were below the limit detection of (0.25 and 1.40) μg • m-3 respectively. In the third sampling period, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the most abundant aldehydes, as was the first sampling period, however, their concentrations were lower with (22.4, 27.7 and 36.0 ) μg • m-3 respectively, while propanal (2.3 μg • m-3), butanal (3.4 μg • m-3) and hexanal (5.7 μg • m-3) had the lower concentrations, and heptanal was below the detection limit Regarding the analysis of aldehydes in rainwater, formaldehyde was the only one found above the limit of quantification (0.015 mg • L-1) with concentrations higher than (0.0439 ± 0.0062) mg • L-1, while acetaldehyde and acrolein were below this level, and propanal, butanal, hexanal and heptanal could not be determined because they were below the limit detection at 0.37 µg • m-3, 0.35 µg • m-3, 1.05 µg • m-3 and 1.05 µg • m-3 respectively.
Descripción
Araya Araya, M. M. (2020). Evaluación de la variación de la concentración de los aldehídos en el agua de lluvia y aire en la Reserva Biológica Los Cusingos [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AIRE, CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AGUA, COSTA RICA, ALDEHÍDOS, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN (SAN JOSÉ)