Estudio sobre la evolución de la actividad del Volcán Turrialba por métodos geodésicos en el período 2011 - 2016, como insumo para el modelado de deformaciones volcánicas
Fecha
2018
Autores
Ovares Fernández, Daniela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El objetivo de este proyecto de graduación consistió en estudiar la evolución de la actividad del Volcán Turrialba por medio del modelado de deformaciones volcánicas y la generación de series de tiempo, teniendo como insumo principal las observaciones GPS (Global Positioning System) efectuadas en el período 2011-2016 sobre los 3 pilares construidos por la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN). El procesamiento de los datos se efectuó en el software científico Bernese, versión 5.2, bajo los mismos estándares de calidad usados por los Centros de Análisis del Sistema de Referencia Geocéntrico para las Américas (SIRGAS). Para calcular la solución semilibre de los puntos en el volcán, se seleccionó un grupo de 24 estaciones internacionales de la red SIRGAS-CON y 8 estaciones costarricenses que administra el Registro Nacional (RN). Luego, se definieron 8 de las 24 estaciones internacionales y la totalidad de las estaciones del RN como estaciones de referencia, con la finalidad de obtener las posiciones absolutas de los vértices en el volcán vinculadas al marco de referencia global IGb08. Por otra parte, se realizó el cálculo del modelo de deformación volcánica creado por Kiyoo Mogi (1958), asumiendo una fuente de deformación puntual (esférica) en un medio elástico a una profundidad específica. A través de la aplicación del modelo de Mogi se pudieron estimar los desplazamientos teóricos de los 3 vértices en el volcán, que, a la vez, debieron de ser equivalentes a los desplazamientos observados (que se originaron de los datos GPS) tanto en magnitud como en dirección. Las diferencias para las magnitudes estuvieron entre 0,2 y 3,0 mm, y las diferencias para las direcciones fueron entre 50 y 96 grados. Con estos resultados se pudo realizar una representación de los vectores de los desplazamientos y las respectivas direcciones, que permitieron estimar que la fuente de deformación (cámara magmática) se encontraba 1,00 Km al suroeste del cráter principal y a una profundidad de 1,50 Km. Finalmente, en el presente trabajo de graduación se trata con una de las técnicas más recientes que se basa en la tecnología de imágenes de Radar de Apertura Sintética (SAR). Para ello, se definió el período comprendido entre el 1 de agosto y el de 30 de octubre de 2016, con la finalidad de considerar un período carente de datos GPS y además, por la actividad volcánica de importancia registrada a partir del segundo semestre de 2016. Para ello, se adquirieron 4 pares de imágenes SAR de la misión satelital Sentinel-1, con las que se generaron 4 interferogramas producto del procesamiento en el software SNAP. Sin embargo, no se logró detectar deformación en el volcán mediante esta metodología, ya que los resultados estuvieron fuertemente afectados por ruido y además, el parámetro de coherencia usado para evaluar la calidad de la fase interferométrica presentaba valores cercanos a 0, lo que provocó que las imágenes estuvieran decorrelacionadas.
The objective of this graduation project was to study the evolution of the activity of the Turrialba Volcano through the modeling of volcanic deformations and the generation of time series, having as main input the GPS (Global Positioning System) observations made in the period 2011 -2016 on the 3 pillars built by the National Seismological Network (RSN). The data processing was carried out in the Bernese scientific software, version 5.2, under the same quality standards used by the Analysis Centers of the Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS). To calculate the semi-free solution of the points on the volcano, a group of 24 international stations from the SIRGAS-CON network and 8 Costa Rican stations managed by the National Registry (RN) were selected. Then, 8 of the 24 international stations and all the RN stations were defined as reference stations, in order to obtain the absolute positions of the vertices in the volcano linked to the global reference frame IGb08. On the other hand, the calculation of the volcanic deformation model created by Kiyoo Mogi (1958) was carried out, assuming a point deformation source (spherical) in an elastic medium at a specific depth. Through the application of the Mogi model, the theoretical displacements of the 3 vertices in the volcano could be estimated, which, in turn, must have been equivalent to the observed displacements (which originated from the GPS data) both in magnitude and in the direction. The differences for the magnitudes were between 0.2 and 3.0 mm, and the differences for the directions were between 50 and 96 degrees. With these results it was possible to make a representation of the vectors of the displacements and the respective directions, which allowed estimating that the deformation source (magmatic chamber) was 1.00 km southwest of the main crater and at a depth of 1.50 km .Finally, this graduation work deals with one of the most recent techniques that is based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging technology. For this, the period between August 1 and October 30, 2016 was defined, in order to consider a period lacking GPS data and also due to the significant volcanic activity registered as of the second semester of 2016. For this, 4 pairs of SAR images were acquired from the Sentinel-1 satellite mission, with which 4 interferograms were generated as a result of processing in the SNAP software. However, it was not possible to detect deformation in the volcano using this methodology, since the results were strongly affected by noise and also, the coherence parameter used to evaluate the quality of the interferometric phase presented values close to 0, which caused that the images were decorrelated.
The objective of this graduation project was to study the evolution of the activity of the Turrialba Volcano through the modeling of volcanic deformations and the generation of time series, having as main input the GPS (Global Positioning System) observations made in the period 2011 -2016 on the 3 pillars built by the National Seismological Network (RSN). The data processing was carried out in the Bernese scientific software, version 5.2, under the same quality standards used by the Analysis Centers of the Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS). To calculate the semi-free solution of the points on the volcano, a group of 24 international stations from the SIRGAS-CON network and 8 Costa Rican stations managed by the National Registry (RN) were selected. Then, 8 of the 24 international stations and all the RN stations were defined as reference stations, in order to obtain the absolute positions of the vertices in the volcano linked to the global reference frame IGb08. On the other hand, the calculation of the volcanic deformation model created by Kiyoo Mogi (1958) was carried out, assuming a point deformation source (spherical) in an elastic medium at a specific depth. Through the application of the Mogi model, the theoretical displacements of the 3 vertices in the volcano could be estimated, which, in turn, must have been equivalent to the observed displacements (which originated from the GPS data) both in magnitude and in the direction. The differences for the magnitudes were between 0.2 and 3.0 mm, and the differences for the directions were between 50 and 96 degrees. With these results it was possible to make a representation of the vectors of the displacements and the respective directions, which allowed estimating that the deformation source (magmatic chamber) was 1.00 km southwest of the main crater and at a depth of 1.50 km .Finally, this graduation work deals with one of the most recent techniques that is based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging technology. For this, the period between August 1 and October 30, 2016 was defined, in order to consider a period lacking GPS data and also due to the significant volcanic activity registered as of the second semester of 2016. For this, 4 pairs of SAR images were acquired from the Sentinel-1 satellite mission, with which 4 interferograms were generated as a result of processing in the SNAP software. However, it was not possible to detect deformation in the volcano using this methodology, since the results were strongly affected by noise and also, the coherence parameter used to evaluate the quality of the interferometric phase presented values close to 0, which caused that the images were decorrelated.
Descripción
Ovares Fernández, D. (2018). Estudio sobre la evolución de la actividad del volcán Turrialba por métodos geodésicos en el período 2011 - 2016, como insumo para el modelado de deformaciones volcánicas [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
VOLCANES, COSTA RICA, ERUPCIONES VOLCÁNICAS, PROCESAMIENTO DE INFORMACIÓN, EVOLUCIÓN, PROGRAMAS COMPUTACIONALES, IMÁGENES ÓPTICAS, TECNOLOGÍA AVANZADA