Viabilidad económica financiera para el establecimiento de una microempresa, dedicada a la producción de miel de abeja en finca El Quebracho en Quebrada Grande de Liberia.
Fecha
2023
Autores
Bastos Moraga, María Rocío
Chavarría Guadamuz, Óscar Andrés
Rodríguez Rivas, Arturo José
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Sede Regional Chorotega, Campus Liberia
Resumen
El presente proyecto hace referencia al establecimiento de una pequeña empresa productora de
miel, donde su punto de producción, extracción y envasado se realiza en una finca localizada en el
distrito de Mayorga, Quebrada Grande, para posteriormente ser comercializada en la ciudad de
Liberia. Dicha actividad nace del emprendimiento de un empresario de esta misma ciudad,
iniciando su producción con 14 colmenas.
Esta investigación se desarrolla bajo la necesidad de conocer la rentabilidad de esta pyme. Para
esto, inicialmente se ejecutó un estudio de mercado para determinar al cliente con base en sus
gustos y preferencias, tomando en consideración aspectos fundamentales como el precio.
La cuantificación de los costos y la estructura de operación son uno de los puntos fundamentales
del proyecto. El estudio técnico determinó la relevancia e idoneidad de los procesos adecuados por
considerar, tales como la distribución física del apiario, la sala de extracción y los flujogramas de
las etapas. En lo que respecta a los activos y para el desarrollo de la actividad apícola se sumaron
en totalidad de costos $5024,43. Actualmente, la finca posee una gran extensión de terreno, pero
al presente la actividad apícola solo se desarrolla sobre una propiedad de 5000 m2.
Se identificó la estructura administrativa idónea para la correcta gestión del negocio y esta
considera tres colaboradores: un vendedor, un encargado de producción y un asistente de
producción, bajo un esquema laboral acorde con la estructura del negocio, ya que se concluyó que
no es concurrente la extracción de la miel, y la mejor forma de ejecutar las labores es en el
momento de la cosecha y en su momento de comercialización.
En lo que respecta a permisos de operación para la puesta en marcha de la empresa apícola, esta
se ve obligada a cumplir con los requisitos y permisos otorgados por la Municipalidad
correspondiente del cantón (patente comercial), autorización con el formulario D2 por parte de la
Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental (SETENA), basado en actividades de impacto ambiental,
siendo esta, catalogada como baja. El permiso otorgado por el Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal
(SENASA), el cual la empresa posee actualmente, el certificado veterinario de operación, conocido
también como CVO, este consiste en una autorización emitida por dicha entidad donde la
producción, transformación y envasado se realiza para una finalidad comercial.
Para concluir, el estudio financiero definió la viabilidad del proyecto con base en la recopilación
realizada en los estudios y mediante la aplicación de indicadores como el valor actual neto (VAN),
señala el valor, y la tasa interna de retorno (TIR), muestra el valor, y se puede analizar si el proyecto
es factible.
This project refers to the establishment of a small honey production company, where its production, extraction, and packaging are done on a farm located in the district of Mayorga, Quebrada Grande, to be later marketed in the city of Liberia. This activity was created from the enterprise of a businessman in this same city, starting its production with 14 hives. This research is developed under the need to know the profitability of this SME. For this, initially, a market study was carried out to determine the customer based on their tastes and preferences, taking into consideration fundamental aspects such as price. The quantification of costs and operating structure is one of the key points of the project. The technical study determined the relevance and suitability of the appropriate processes to be considered, such as the physical distribution of the apiary, the extraction room, and the flow charts of the stages. In terms of assets and for the development of the beekeeping activity, the total costs were $5024.43. Currently, the farm has a large area of land, but at present, the beekeeping activity is only developed on a property of 5000 m2. The ideal administrative structure for the correct management of the business was identified and it considers three collaborators: a salesperson, a production manager, and a production assistant, under a work scheme in accordance with the structure of the business, since it was concluded that the extraction of honey is not concurrent, and the best way to carry out the work is at the time of harvesting and at the time of commercialization. With regard to operating permits for the start-up of the beekeeping company, it is required to comply with the requirements and permits issued by the corresponding municipality of the canton (commercial patent), authorization with form D2 by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA), based on environmental impact activities, which is classified as low. The permit issued by the National Animal Health Service (SENASA), which the company currently holds, and the veterinary operating certificate, also known as CVO, is an authorization issued by that entity where production, processing, and packaging are carried out for commercial purposes. To conclude, the financial study defined the feasibility of the project based on the compilation made in the studies and through the application of indicators such as the net present value (NPV), which indicates the value, and the internal rate of return (IRR), shows the value, and it is possible to analyze whether the project is feasible.
This project refers to the establishment of a small honey production company, where its production, extraction, and packaging are done on a farm located in the district of Mayorga, Quebrada Grande, to be later marketed in the city of Liberia. This activity was created from the enterprise of a businessman in this same city, starting its production with 14 hives. This research is developed under the need to know the profitability of this SME. For this, initially, a market study was carried out to determine the customer based on their tastes and preferences, taking into consideration fundamental aspects such as price. The quantification of costs and operating structure is one of the key points of the project. The technical study determined the relevance and suitability of the appropriate processes to be considered, such as the physical distribution of the apiary, the extraction room, and the flow charts of the stages. In terms of assets and for the development of the beekeeping activity, the total costs were $5024.43. Currently, the farm has a large area of land, but at present, the beekeeping activity is only developed on a property of 5000 m2. The ideal administrative structure for the correct management of the business was identified and it considers three collaborators: a salesperson, a production manager, and a production assistant, under a work scheme in accordance with the structure of the business, since it was concluded that the extraction of honey is not concurrent, and the best way to carry out the work is at the time of harvesting and at the time of commercialization. With regard to operating permits for the start-up of the beekeeping company, it is required to comply with the requirements and permits issued by the corresponding municipality of the canton (commercial patent), authorization with form D2 by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA), based on environmental impact activities, which is classified as low. The permit issued by the National Animal Health Service (SENASA), which the company currently holds, and the veterinary operating certificate, also known as CVO, is an authorization issued by that entity where production, processing, and packaging are carried out for commercial purposes. To conclude, the financial study defined the feasibility of the project based on the compilation made in the studies and through the application of indicators such as the net present value (NPV), which indicates the value, and the internal rate of return (IRR), shows the value, and it is possible to analyze whether the project is feasible.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRACION, GESTION FINANCIERA, MICROEMPRESAS, COMERCIALIZACION, MIEL DE ABEJA, FINCA, LIBERIA (GUANACASTE), COSTA RICA, ADMINISTRATION, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, MICROENTERPRISES, MARKETING, BEE HONEY, FARM