Análisis de la evolución de la inversión extranjera directa en el sector ciencias de la vida en Costa Rica desde 2005 al 2017
Fecha
2020
Autores
Arias Sánchez, Brandon
Chaverri Herra, Marian
León Barboza, Diana
Rojas Monge, Gabriel
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación se centra en el entendimiento de la inversión extranjera directa
en Costa Rica, comprendiéndose como inversión extrajera directa la inversión
transfronteriza que surge cuando un inversionista residente de una economía hace una
inversión que le confiere control o un grado significativo de influencia sobre la gestión de
una empresa que es residente de otra economía” (Fondo Monetario Internacional 2009;
107).
Partiendo de la definición anteriormente señalada, se analiza la evolución de la
inversión extranjera directa (IED) en el sector de ciencias de la vida, sus impactos y
desafíos a futuro; para iniciar la investigación se explica la definición de IED, sus
características y beneficios para así brindar un marco metodológico sólido para la
presente investigación. Aunado a esto, se explica el desarrollo que ha experimentado la
IED enfocada al área de ciencias de la vida, esto a partir del año 2005 y hasta el año
2017. En este apartado encontraremos un análisis del porqué Costa Rica es un excelente
destino para la inversión en el área, así como, la tendencia a través de los años de este
sector; para así comprender su comportamiento.
Seguidamente, se determina la relación que existe entre la IED en el sector de
ciencias de la vida y las exportaciones de manufactura en Costa Rica, para esta sección se
utilizan herramientas cuantitativas, es decir, datos duros que sustentan la investigación;
brindando así una visión integral entre el análisis cualitativo y el cuantitativo.
Asimismo, se analizan los principales destinos de las exportaciones del área en
estudio, para determinar las características que estos mercados ofrecen para colocar los
productos confeccionados en el país. Permitiendo analizar el flujo de exportaciones hacia
estos destinos, así como, el reto que representa para el país continuar siendo un referente
en estas exportaciones.
Otra de las aristas que se estudian son los desafíos que enfrenta el país en el sector
ciencias de la vida, es decir, cuáles son las acciones que debe emplear el país para evitar el estancamiento del sector y de igual forma, cuáles son los principales retos que enfrenta
Costa Rica para que continúe siendo sólido y competitivo a nivel internacional.
Por último, se elaboran recomendaciones que deberá seguir el país para la atracción
de la inversión extranjera directa en el sector ciencias de la vida, es decir, cuáles son las
acciones que debe tomar el país para que el porcentaje de crecimiento sea cada vez mayor
en este sector.
This research focuses on the understanding of direct foreign investment in Costa Rica, understanding as foreign direct investment the cross-border investment that arises when an investor residing in an economy makes an investment that confers control or a significant degree of influence over management. of a company that is a resident of another economy ”(International Monetary Fund 2009; 107). Starting from the aforementioned definition, the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the life sciences sector, its impacts and future challenges is analyzed; To start the research, the definition of FDI, its characteristics and benefits are explained in order to provide a solid methodological framework for this research. In addition to this, the development experienced by FDI focused on the life sciences area is explained, starting in 2005 and until 2017. In this section we will find an analysis of why Costa Rica is an excellent destination for investment in the area, as well as, the trend through the years of this sector; in order to understand their behavior. Next, the relationship between FDI in the life sciences sector and manufacturing exports in Costa Rica is determined. For this section quantitative tools are used, that is, hard data that support the research; thus providing a comprehensive view between qualitative and quantitative analysis. Likewise, the main destinations of the area's exports are analyzed in study, to determine the characteristics that these markets offer to place the products made in the country. Allowing to analyze the flow of exports to these destinations, as well as the challenge that the country represents to continue being a benchmark in these exports. Another of the edges that are studied are the challenges facing the country in the sector life sciences, that is, what are the actions that the country should take to avoid stagnation in the sector and, likewise, what are the main challenges it faces Costa Rica so that it continues to be solid and competitive internationally. Finally, recommendations are made that the country should follow for the attraction of foreign direct investment in the life sciences sector, that is, what are the actions that the country must take so that the percentage of growth is increasing In this sector.
This research focuses on the understanding of direct foreign investment in Costa Rica, understanding as foreign direct investment the cross-border investment that arises when an investor residing in an economy makes an investment that confers control or a significant degree of influence over management. of a company that is a resident of another economy ”(International Monetary Fund 2009; 107). Starting from the aforementioned definition, the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the life sciences sector, its impacts and future challenges is analyzed; To start the research, the definition of FDI, its characteristics and benefits are explained in order to provide a solid methodological framework for this research. In addition to this, the development experienced by FDI focused on the life sciences area is explained, starting in 2005 and until 2017. In this section we will find an analysis of why Costa Rica is an excellent destination for investment in the area, as well as, the trend through the years of this sector; in order to understand their behavior. Next, the relationship between FDI in the life sciences sector and manufacturing exports in Costa Rica is determined. For this section quantitative tools are used, that is, hard data that support the research; thus providing a comprehensive view between qualitative and quantitative analysis. Likewise, the main destinations of the area's exports are analyzed in study, to determine the characteristics that these markets offer to place the products made in the country. Allowing to analyze the flow of exports to these destinations, as well as the challenge that the country represents to continue being a benchmark in these exports. Another of the edges that are studied are the challenges facing the country in the sector life sciences, that is, what are the actions that the country should take to avoid stagnation in the sector and, likewise, what are the main challenges it faces Costa Rica so that it continues to be solid and competitive internationally. Finally, recommendations are made that the country should follow for the attraction of foreign direct investment in the life sciences sector, that is, what are the actions that the country must take so that the percentage of growth is increasing In this sector.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA, COSTA RICA, EQUIPO MÉDICO, INVERSIONES DIRECTAS, INVERSIONES EXTRANJERAS, FREE TRADE ZONE, MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, TRADE POLICY