Prácticas de diagnóstico y control de parásitos de caninos y felinos en 50 clínicas veterinarias del área metropolitana de Costa Rica*
Fecha
2008
Autores
Fernández, D
De Oliveira, J.B.
Calderón, S.
ROMERO-ZUÑIGA, JUAN JOSÉ
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Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con el objetivo de conocer los procedimientos de diagnóstico y recomendaciones para el control de parásitos
gastrointestinales (PGI) de caninos y felinos, se entrevistó a 50 médicos veterinarios que laboran en el gran área
metropolitana de Costa Rica. De acuerdo con los clínicos, los PGI varían de muy frecuentes (50.0%) a frecuentes
(44%); los considerados más prevalentes son: Ancylostomatideos (82.0%), Toxocara sp. (80.0%), Dipylidium cani num (72.0%), Giardia sp. (70.0%), Coccidios (62.0%), Trichuris vulpis (30.0%), Capillaria sp. (2.0%) y Strongyloi des stercoralis (2.0%). El diagnóstico de los PGI se hace con base en la asociación de historia, signos clínicos y
examen coproparasitológico (28.0%). La microscopía directa, con muestras de una única evacuación, es la técnica
más utilizada (84.0%). Los signos clínicos que más frecuentemente se asocian con los PGI son: diarrea sanguino lenta (76.0%), pérdida de peso (70.0%) y anorexia (60.0%). Fueron identificados 18 protocolos de desparasitación
para cachorros, tanto de caninos como de felinos; mientras que para caninos y felinos adultos fueron identificados
4 protocolos. Los productos antiparasitarios son mayormente utilizados con fines profilácticos (84.0%), sin el
respaldo de exámenes parasitológicos. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto prácticas inadecuadas de
diagnóstico y control de los PGI de caninos y felinos, señalando la necesidad de realizar eventos de educación
continua sobre este tema de importancia para la salud animal, salud humana y salud ambiental.
In order to know current diagnosis and control procedures for gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in canines and felines 50 veterinarians working in the great metropolitan area from Costa Rica were interviewed. According to clinicians, GIP vary from very frequent (50.0%) to frequent (44%), and those considered most prevalent are: Ancylostomatids (82.0%), Toxocara sp. (80.0%), Dypilidium caninum (72.0%), Giardia sp. (70.0%), Coccidia (62.0%), Trichuris vulpis (30.0%), Capillaria sp. (2.0%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2.0%). The diagnosis of GIP is based on a combination of history, clinical signs and fecal analysis (28.0%). Direct microscopy of a single fecal sample is the most used diagnostic procedure (84.0%). Clinical signs frequently associated by these veterinarians with GIP were hemorrhagic diarrhea (76.0%), weight loss (70.0%) and anorexia (60.0%). We identified 18 and 4 deworming protocols for puppies/kittens and adults, respectively. Anthelmintic drugs are mostly used prophylactically (84.0%), which is indicative that deworming are not fecal examination-based. The results underlies inadequate diagnosis and control practices of small animal parasites, highlighting the need for further educational efforts directed at the veterinary community emphasizing interrelationships between animal, human and environmental health.
In order to know current diagnosis and control procedures for gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in canines and felines 50 veterinarians working in the great metropolitan area from Costa Rica were interviewed. According to clinicians, GIP vary from very frequent (50.0%) to frequent (44%), and those considered most prevalent are: Ancylostomatids (82.0%), Toxocara sp. (80.0%), Dypilidium caninum (72.0%), Giardia sp. (70.0%), Coccidia (62.0%), Trichuris vulpis (30.0%), Capillaria sp. (2.0%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2.0%). The diagnosis of GIP is based on a combination of history, clinical signs and fecal analysis (28.0%). Direct microscopy of a single fecal sample is the most used diagnostic procedure (84.0%). Clinical signs frequently associated by these veterinarians with GIP were hemorrhagic diarrhea (76.0%), weight loss (70.0%) and anorexia (60.0%). We identified 18 and 4 deworming protocols for puppies/kittens and adults, respectively. Anthelmintic drugs are mostly used prophylactically (84.0%), which is indicative that deworming are not fecal examination-based. The results underlies inadequate diagnosis and control practices of small animal parasites, highlighting the need for further educational efforts directed at the veterinary community emphasizing interrelationships between animal, human and environmental health.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PARASITOS, PARASITES, ENFERMEDADES GASTROINTESTINALES, GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, PERRO, DOG, GATO, CAT, CONTROL