Factores de riesgo asociados al virus de la artritis y encefalitis caprina (VAEC), evaluación de rasgos lineales y análisis de la estructura poblacional en caprinos lecheros
Fecha
2023
Autores
Marín Mora, Wendy Michelle
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los recursos zoogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura, representan el principal componente de la seguridad alimentaria mundial (FAO, 2011). Para garantizar su sustentabilidad se requiere aplicar herramientas tecnológicas que orienten los procesos de manejo y selección de individuos, procurando el uso adecuado de los animales especialmente por productores de baja escala (FAO, 2020). Se estudió el estatus sanitario, evaluación testicular y funcionalidad de los animales. Se colectó datos de 10 poblaciones (37 machos reproductores y 48 hembras cruzadas) y se estudió la estructura genética poblacional de 55 machos Saanen. Se colectó sangre, realizó análisis serológicos, registraron datos fenotípicos y se realizó ultrasonografía testicular en machos reproductores, se valoraron la funcionalidad de los individuos y por último se contrastó una población de animales Saanen genotipados con 12 poblaciones de caprinos lecheros de origen suizo. La valoración de animales a partir de la aplicación de criterios sanitarios, reproductivos y funcionales, reveló ser una herramienta útil para la selección. De los machos reproductores solamente el 67.6% lograron medidas superiores a la referencia de 30 cm para la CE, en adición no se identificó en ellos la presencia de Brucella Abortus. Por otro lado, se determinó que el 49% de ellos son portadores de VAEC. Las hembras cruzas mostraron problemas de funcionalidad donde los rasgos más comprometidos fueron la angulosidad (carácter lechero), la estructura, la grupa (ancho y ángulo), la implantación de pezones y finalmente la inserción y altura de la ubre. Con respecto a la estructura poblacional, no se identificaron patrones de agrupamiento, lo que es consistente con la alta probabilidad IBS detectada (0.66) y a su vez se asocia con una baja variabilidad genética para el caso del biotipo Saanen.
Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture represent the main component of world food security (FAO, 2011). To guarantee their sustainability, it is necessary to apply technological tools to guide the management and selection processes of individuals, ensuring the adequate use of animals, especially by small-scale producers (FAO, 2020). The health status, testicular evaluation and functionality of the animals were studied. Data were collected from 10 populations (37 breeding males and 48 crossbred females) and the population genetic structure of 55 Saanen males was studied. Blood was collected, serological analyses were performed, phenotypic data were recorded, testicular ultrasonography was performed on breeding males, the functionality of individuals was assessed and finally, a population of genotyped Saanen animals was contrasted with 12 populations of Swiss dairy goats. The evaluation of animals based on the application of health, reproductive and functional criteria proved to be a useful tool for selection. Of the reproductive males, only 67.6% achieved measurements greater than the reference of 30 cm for the EC, and the presence of Brucella Abortus was not identified in them. On the other hand, 49% of them were found to be carriers of VAEC. The crossbred females showed functionality problems where the most compromised traits were angularity (dairy trait), structure, rump (width and angle), teat implantation and finally udder insertion and height. With respect to population structure, no clustering patterns were identified, which is consistent with the high IBS probability detected (0.66) and in turn is associated with low genetic variability in the case of the Saanen biotype.
Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture represent the main component of world food security (FAO, 2011). To guarantee their sustainability, it is necessary to apply technological tools to guide the management and selection processes of individuals, ensuring the adequate use of animals, especially by small-scale producers (FAO, 2020). The health status, testicular evaluation and functionality of the animals were studied. Data were collected from 10 populations (37 breeding males and 48 crossbred females) and the population genetic structure of 55 Saanen males was studied. Blood was collected, serological analyses were performed, phenotypic data were recorded, testicular ultrasonography was performed on breeding males, the functionality of individuals was assessed and finally, a population of genotyped Saanen animals was contrasted with 12 populations of Swiss dairy goats. The evaluation of animals based on the application of health, reproductive and functional criteria proved to be a useful tool for selection. Of the reproductive males, only 67.6% achieved measurements greater than the reference of 30 cm for the EC, and the presence of Brucella Abortus was not identified in them. On the other hand, 49% of them were found to be carriers of VAEC. The crossbred females showed functionality problems where the most compromised traits were angularity (dairy trait), structure, rump (width and angle), teat implantation and finally udder insertion and height. With respect to population structure, no clustering patterns were identified, which is consistent with the high IBS probability detected (0.66) and in turn is associated with low genetic variability in the case of the Saanen biotype.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con énfasis en Agricultura Alternativa, y modalidad de artículo científico.
Palabras clave
CAPRINOS, GOATS, REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL, ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA, GENETIC DIVERSITY, ANIMALES, ANIMALS