La agrocadena de café en Nicaragua y las políticas sectoriales.
Fecha
2002-08
Autores
Aburto Sánchez, Elsa
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación utiliza los conceptos de Cadena Global del Producto y Competitividad
Sistémica, para determinar el estado actual de la cadena nicaragüense de café en el entorno nacional
y en la dinámica de la Cadena Internacional del grano. Esta discusión encauza al diseño de
lineamientos sectoriales que faciliten el logro de un mejor posicionamiento competitivo del café de
Nicaragua en el negocio global del grano.
La perspectiva de Cadena Global delimita una estructura de flujos denominada insumo-producto, la
localización geográfica de la cadena y sus procesos, la fuerza que orienta la cadena, y la
institucionalidad, dimensiones en las que se desempeñan los agentes y procesos de la cadena
nacional de café. Este enfoque que privilegia lo global –entendiendo la economía mundial en
términos encadenamientos de producción y distribución de mercancías-, abre un espacio de análisis
de gran utilidad a quienes, insertos en la dinámica de la cadena, toman decisiones de política y
estrategia sectorial bajo una mejor comprensión del contexto de la actividad cafetalera
nicaragüense.
La complejidad del entorno nacional, requirió de un análisis sistémico de competitividad, siguiendo
la orientación del nivel meso como eje de la investigación, y retomando los elementos clave de los
niveles meta, macro y micro. En ese contexto, se explora por un lado, el estado actual de los
factores de mayor impacto sobre la competitividad del sector cafetalero y sus opciones de mejora; y
por otro, el alcance de las políticas que afectan la cadena nacional de café, de tres fuentes
principales: el entorno nacional, la cadena misma, y la coordinación internacional.
Finalmente, algunos lineamientos sectoriales que se proponen, buscan facilitar una mejora en la
competitividad del sector cafetero nicaragüense, considerando las principales fortalezas y
debilidades del nivel meso y, del sistema nacional de café.
The present research uses the concept of Global Commodity Chain (GCC) and Systematic Competitiveness to determine the real state of the Nicaraguan coffee chain in the national setting and the dynamic international grain chain. This analysis forms the basis of the creation of guidelines for the sector in order to improve the competitiveness of Nicaragua in the global coffee chain. The GCCC perspective defines the input-output flow, geogafic location of the chain and its processes, the propelling forces of the chain and its institucional framework. This focus presents a global vision and an understanding of the world economy in terms of linkages of production and distribution of goods. In addition to this, the GCC perspective illustrates the dimensions of the role played by the actors involved en the coffee chain. These actors are therefore better equipped with the information on the reality of the nIcaraguan coffee chain, in order to make policy decisions and implement sectorial strategies to the coffee sector. The complexity of the national environment merits a systemic análisis of competitiveness at the meso level, which is the core of this research. The key elements of the meta, macro and micro levels are also taken nto account. In this context, the main focus of the investigation is based on present state of the factors that have greater impact on the coffee sector´s competitiveness. The policies that impact on the national coffee chain are of three main sources: the national setting, the coffee chain and the international coordination. Finally, the proposed guidelines for the sector try to facilitate the improvement of the Nicaraguan coffee sector´s competitiveness, taking into account the main strengths and weaknesses at the meso level and of the national coffee system.
The present research uses the concept of Global Commodity Chain (GCC) and Systematic Competitiveness to determine the real state of the Nicaraguan coffee chain in the national setting and the dynamic international grain chain. This analysis forms the basis of the creation of guidelines for the sector in order to improve the competitiveness of Nicaragua in the global coffee chain. The GCCC perspective defines the input-output flow, geogafic location of the chain and its processes, the propelling forces of the chain and its institucional framework. This focus presents a global vision and an understanding of the world economy in terms of linkages of production and distribution of goods. In addition to this, the GCC perspective illustrates the dimensions of the role played by the actors involved en the coffee chain. These actors are therefore better equipped with the information on the reality of the nIcaraguan coffee chain, in order to make policy decisions and implement sectorial strategies to the coffee sector. The complexity of the national environment merits a systemic análisis of competitiveness at the meso level, which is the core of this research. The key elements of the meta, macro and micro levels are also taken nto account. In this context, the main focus of the investigation is based on present state of the factors that have greater impact on the coffee sector´s competitiveness. The policies that impact on the national coffee chain are of three main sources: the national setting, the coffee chain and the international coordination. Finally, the proposed guidelines for the sector try to facilitate the improvement of the Nicaraguan coffee sector´s competitiveness, taking into account the main strengths and weaknesses at the meso level and of the national coffee system.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CAFÉ, NICARAGUA, COMPETIVIDAD SISTÉMATICA, PRODUCCIÓN, POLÍTICAS SECTORIALES