Gobernabilidad y Gobernanza para el Desarrollo: la mala concepción de los términos y sus consecuencias para la democracia.
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Fecha
2010
Autores
Alpízar Otoya, Claudio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las personas que tengan acceso a este ensayo podrán comprobar en el transcurrir de su lectura, las diferencias conceptuales y prácticas existentes entre dos conceptos fundamentales para el desarrollo de la política y la administración pública: gobernabilidad y gobernanza.
La inquietud de desarrollar un trabajo investigativo sobre la conceptualización de esos temas surge de la muy común utilización del primero de ellos, la gobernabilidad, y de su negación, la ingobernabilidad. En la actualidad es muy común escuchar en los discursos verbales y escritos de los líderes políticos y sociales el uso de estos términos, los cuales han sido sacados de su real concepción para ubicarlos en uso erróneo y común, con interés de llamar la atención sobre la imposibilidad en la toma de decisiones y su ejecución rápida.
Por otra parte no es común el uso de la palabra gobernanza, y mucho menos el conocimiento de su significado, inclusive para muchos gobernanza es sinónimo de gobernabilidad.
En el presente ensayo el autor pretende dilucidar las grandes diferencias de significado existentes entre un término y el otro, así como las confusiones más comunes al respecto. Esto con la intensión de que se comprenda tanto la necesidad de disociarlos a pesar de su consubstancialidad, con la idea de que se comprenda la importancia de ambos en el desarrollo de los procesos democráticos que requieren los estados, inspirado especialmente por lo que ha sido frecuente que suceda en América Latina con la atrofia de su institucionalidad política y su disfuncionalidad democrática.
La gobernanza es un concepto muy propio para el estudio y la definición de las relaciones dentro del entramado institucional que conforma una organización estatal; así como de la articulación que sus diferentes componentes desarrollan en la ejecución de las políticas públicas, tanto para su eficiencia como para su eficacia. En el caso de la gobernabilidad es la posibilidad de generar la mayor participación de los diferentes actores estratégicos de la sociedad, entendidos estos como aquellos con capacidad de veto en las decisiones tomadas, lo que exige se les contemple dentro de un verdadero y amplio proceso de comunicación política, para lograr intersecar un interés común de los tres sectores claves de la sociedad: la opinión pública, los políticos y los medios de comunicación.
Durante la lectura de los diversos capítulos del ensayo, los lectores podrán ampliar conocimientos sobre otros conceptos claves y su importancia, así como toda la relación que de ellos se logra identificar y que son claves para la comprensión de los conceptos centrales de gobernabilidad y gobernanza.
Those who have access to this essay will be able to verify in the course of its reading, the conceptual and practical differences existing between two fundamental concepts for the development of politics and public administration: governability and governance. The concern to develop a research work on the conceptualization of these topics arises from the very common use of the first of them, governability, and its negation, ungovernability. Nowadays it is very common to hear in the verbal and written speeches of political and social leaders the use of these terms, which have been taken out of their real conception to place them in erroneous and common use, with the interest of calling attention to the impossibility of making decisions and their rapid execution. On the other hand, the use of the word governance is not common, much less the knowledge of its meaning, even for many, governance is synonymous with governability. In this essay the author intends to elucidate the great differences in meaning between one term and the other, as well as the most common confusions in this regard. This is with the intention of understanding both the need to dissociate them despite their consubstantiality, with the idea of understanding the importance of both in the development of the democratic processes required by states, especially inspired by what has frequently happened in Latin America with the atrophy of its political institutionality and its democratic dysfunctionality. Governance is a very appropriate concept for the study and definition of the relationships within the institutional framework that makes up a state organization, as well as the articulation that its different components develop in the execution of public policies, both for their efficiency and effectiveness. In the case of governance, it is the possibility of generating the greatest participation of the different strategic actors of society, understood as those with veto power in the decisions taken, which demands that they be contemplated within a true and broad process of political communication, in order to achieve the intersection of a common interest of the three key sectors of society: public opinion, politicians and the media. During the reading of the various chapters of the essay, readers will be able to broaden their knowledge of other key concepts and their importance, as well as the relationship between them, which are key to the understanding of the central concepts of governance and governability.
Those who have access to this essay will be able to verify in the course of its reading, the conceptual and practical differences existing between two fundamental concepts for the development of politics and public administration: governability and governance. The concern to develop a research work on the conceptualization of these topics arises from the very common use of the first of them, governability, and its negation, ungovernability. Nowadays it is very common to hear in the verbal and written speeches of political and social leaders the use of these terms, which have been taken out of their real conception to place them in erroneous and common use, with the interest of calling attention to the impossibility of making decisions and their rapid execution. On the other hand, the use of the word governance is not common, much less the knowledge of its meaning, even for many, governance is synonymous with governability. In this essay the author intends to elucidate the great differences in meaning between one term and the other, as well as the most common confusions in this regard. This is with the intention of understanding both the need to dissociate them despite their consubstantiality, with the idea of understanding the importance of both in the development of the democratic processes required by states, especially inspired by what has frequently happened in Latin America with the atrophy of its political institutionality and its democratic dysfunctionality. Governance is a very appropriate concept for the study and definition of the relationships within the institutional framework that makes up a state organization, as well as the articulation that its different components develop in the execution of public policies, both for their efficiency and effectiveness. In the case of governance, it is the possibility of generating the greatest participation of the different strategic actors of society, understood as those with veto power in the decisions taken, which demands that they be contemplated within a true and broad process of political communication, in order to achieve the intersection of a common interest of the three key sectors of society: public opinion, politicians and the media. During the reading of the various chapters of the essay, readers will be able to broaden their knowledge of other key concepts and their importance, as well as the relationship between them, which are key to the understanding of the central concepts of governance and governability.
Descripción
Maestría en Estudios Latinoamericanos con Énfasis en Cultura y Desarrollo
Palabras clave
GOBERNABILIDAD, DEMOCRACIA, GOVERNANCE, DEMOCRACY