Aves acuáticas en ecosistemas playeros del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Limón, Costa Rica
Fecha
2015-11
Autores
Calvo-Villalobos, Jossy
Piedra Castro, Lilliana María
González-Villalobos, Jorge
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Debido a la importancia del Parque Nacional Cahuita para las aves acuáticas y los problemas de
erosión que enfrentan sus ecosistemas playeros, nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar dichos ambientes
y su relación con esta comunidad de avifauna para generar información de línea base. Se realizaron
240 puntos de conteo (agosto-octubre, 2013), en aproximadamente 6 km de playa. Se registró la
riqueza y abundancia de aves y se evaluó la longitud de las playas, su tipo de sustrato, porcentaje de
cobertura vegetal y cantidad de troncos caídos. Se agruparon los tipos de playa en seis sectores del
Parque para su análisis, según su riqueza, abundancia relativa, índices de biodiversidad (Shannon y
Simpson 1-D) y se comparó la similitud de la composición de especies entre sectores por medio de
una prueba ANOSIM (disimilitud de Bray-Curtis). Registramos 21 especies con mayor dominancia
de aves playeras migratorias de las familias Charadriidae y Scolopacidae. Los sectores seleccionados
mayoritariamente y con mejores indicadores de biodiversidad fueron el 4 y 6, ubicados en Puerto
Vargas y caracterizados por poseer playas entre grandes y medianas, con cobertura vegetal baja, pocos
troncos y sustratos arenosos con acumulaciones de algas y pastos marinos. Esta última característica
favoreció en el sector 4 la mayor visitación y una composición de especies significativamente
diferente a los demás (p<0.05). Las preferencias encontradas podrían relacionarse con la abundancia
de alimento y seguridad ante depredadores. El estudio resalta la dominancia de aves playeras en estos
ecosistemas y la importancia de sitios de parada específicos durante las migraciones.
Due to the importance of the Cahuita National Park for aquatic birds and the problems of erosion that its beach ecosystems encounter, our objective was to characterize these environments and their relationship to this avifauna community in order to generate baseline information. 204 point counts were conducted (August-October, 2013), on approximately 6 km of beach. The richness and abundance of birds were registered and the length of the beaches was evaluated, as well as type of substrate, percentage of vegetation cover, and the quantity of fallen tree trunks. Beach types were grouped for six sectors of the Park for analysis according to richness, relative abundance, biodiversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson1-D), and similarity of species composition among sectors by means of an ANSIM proof (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We registered 21 species with majority dominance among migratory shore birds of the Charadriidae and Scolopacidae families. The selected sectors with best biodiversity indicators were 4 and 6, located in Puerto Vargas, characterized by possessing large and medium sized beaches, with low vegetation cover, few tree trunks and sandy substrates with accumulations of algas and marine grasses. This last characteristic favored sector 4 with most visitation and a species composition significantly different from the others (p<0.05). The preferences encountered might be related to food abundance and safety from predators. The study lifts up the dominance of shore birds in these ecosystems and the importance of specific stopover sites during migration.
Due to the importance of the Cahuita National Park for aquatic birds and the problems of erosion that its beach ecosystems encounter, our objective was to characterize these environments and their relationship to this avifauna community in order to generate baseline information. 204 point counts were conducted (August-October, 2013), on approximately 6 km of beach. The richness and abundance of birds were registered and the length of the beaches was evaluated, as well as type of substrate, percentage of vegetation cover, and the quantity of fallen tree trunks. Beach types were grouped for six sectors of the Park for analysis according to richness, relative abundance, biodiversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson1-D), and similarity of species composition among sectors by means of an ANSIM proof (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We registered 21 species with majority dominance among migratory shore birds of the Charadriidae and Scolopacidae families. The selected sectors with best biodiversity indicators were 4 and 6, located in Puerto Vargas, characterized by possessing large and medium sized beaches, with low vegetation cover, few tree trunks and sandy substrates with accumulations of algas and marine grasses. This last characteristic favored sector 4 with most visitation and a species composition significantly different from the others (p<0.05). The preferences encountered might be related to food abundance and safety from predators. The study lifts up the dominance of shore birds in these ecosystems and the importance of specific stopover sites during migration.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AVES PLAYERAS, ABUNDANCIA RELATIVA, RIQUEZA, SUBSTRATE TYPE, VEGETATION COVER, PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA (COSTA RICA), ECOSISTEMAS ACUÁTICOS, PASTOS, ALGAS