Plan de inversión para el acondicionamiento del centro de empaque de pupas del mariposario de la Asociación de mujeres ecológicas y artesanas del Porvenir, Upala, para el año 2025.
Fecha
2024-06
Autores
Centeno León, Joanny Eduardo
Méndez Angulo, Johan Alejandro
Rivas Aragón, Marissa de los Ángeles
Víctor González, Josselyne
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Sede Regional Chorotega, Campus Liberia
Resumen
La elaboración de un plan de inversión para el acondicionamiento del centro de empaque de pupas del mariposario de la Asociación de Mujeres Ecológicas y Artesanas del Porvenir, Upala, para el año 2025, ayudará a determinar todos los elementos de inversión y los costos correspondientes vinculados con dicho acondicionamiento durante la fase inicial, para posteriormente identificar una fuente de financiamiento adecuada.
Según informe de la Universidad de Costa Rica en 2019, alrededor de cuatrocientas familias costarricenses viven directamente de la venta de pupas de mariposas, generando no solo un impacto positivo económico, sino también, aumentando la concienciación ambiental. Dentro de estas familias se encuentra AMEAP, una asociación conformada por diecinueve mujeres en el Porvenir de Aguas Claras, dedicadas a dicha actividad.
Sumado a esto, AMEAP desea incrementar sus ventas para poder aumentar sus ingresos, de ahí la necesidad de acondicionar adecuadamente su lugar de trabajo, para obtener una mayor comodidad y disminuir el riesgo de pérdidas de producto, resultado de los traslados que deben hacer hasta la casa de la presidenta, lugar donde empacan actualmente.
El trabajo fue desarrollado mediante el planteamiento metodológico de enfoque mixto con alcance descriptivo y analítico, ya que fue necesario la realización de un diagnóstico para identificar los activos requeridos para el acondicionamiento, así como los costos de inversión.
Se ahondó en la recolección de datos, mediante fuentes de información primaria, llevando a cabo un focus group, con dieciséis de las diecinueve mujeres integrantes de la asociación,incluyendo a la presidenta, para conocer datos relevantes sobre la asociación y su funcionamiento. Como fuentes de información secundaria, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, basada en webgrafía, libros, periódicos en línea y documentos pdf, que contenían información sobre conceptos claves, historia del mercado, precios, que ayudaron a comprender y elaborar el desarrollo del trabajo.
Entre los resultados se obtuvo que, AMEAP es una asociación de mujeres que aún no ha logrado exportar directamente, sino por medio de intermediarios nacionales, debido a la falta de información de parte de ellas, además de no contar con un área de trabajo acondicionado debidamente a sus necesidades, que les permita poder aumentar su capacidad de producción.
Sin embargo, a pesar de lo anterior, debido a la calidad del producto en cuanto al cuidado que tienen para revisar cada pupa y evitar enviar producto dañado, han logrado mantener a los clientes desde que iniciaron con el negocio.
AMEAP no incurre en costos para adquirir la materia prima, dado que las especies de mariposas que ellas tienen autorizado vender, fueron capturadas por ellas mismas, en las zonas verdes de su alrededor. Las plantas hospederas las siembran ellas. Las frutas no son exclusivamente compradas para las mariposas, sino que utilizan la fruta que está echándose a perder en sus hogares, o bien, en las siembras de su patio. Y como macetas utilizan envases de plástico que reciclan.
La inversión inicial para el acondicionamiento, comparado con otros es relativamente baja, y se enfoca principalmente en equipo y mobiliario, ya que AMEAP cuenta con la infraestructura donde está ubicado el laboratorio, y solo falta acondicionar el centro de empaque adecuadamente, para mejorar la producción y evitar pérdidas del producto.
Se determinó que la fuente de financiamiento adecuada es un crédito bancario, un préstamo de $2458,92 en el Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, dado que es el banco que tiene la tasa de interés más baja de 10,83 %. Para esto se tomó en cuenta un aporte de un 30 % con recursos propios y el 70 % de deuda.
Se considera que una vez que AMEAP realice el acondicionamiento del centro de empaque, sus ventas y sus ingresos pueden incrementar, dada la alta demanda que tienen las pupas de mariposas y a su gran cantidad de especies. En su lugar, se recomienda que se acerquen a las diversas instituciones que brindan asesoramiento sobre la utilización de plataformas digitales para promocionar su producto, el uso básico de Microsoft Excel y Microsoft Word, para que puedan llevar un control de costos, gastos y producción. Además de información sobre cómo exportar, con el propósito de que logren sacar el mayor provecho a su negocio.
Palabras claves: Inversión – fuentes de financiamiento – ingresos – asociación – acondicionamiento – crédito bancario – tasa de interés.
The development of an investment plan for the conditioning of the butterfly pupa packaging center of the Association of Ecological and Artisan Women of Porvenir, Upala, for the year 2025, will help determine all investment elements and corresponding costs linked to said conditioning during the initial phase, subsequently identifying an appropriate source of financing. According to a 2019 report by the University of Costa Rica, around four hundred Costa Rican families directly rely on the sale of butterfly pupae, generating not only a positive economic impact but also increasing environmental awareness. Among these families is AMEAP, an association of nineteen women in Porvenir de Aguas Claras dedicated to this activity. Additionally, AMEAP wishes to increase its sales to boost its income, hence the need to properly condition their workplace to enhance comfort and reduce the risk of product loss resulting from transfers to the president's house, where they currently pack. The work was developed using a mixed-methodological approach with a descriptive and analytical scope, requiring a diagnosis to identify the assets required for conditioning, as well as investment costs. Data collection was deepened through primary information sources, conducting a focus group with sixteen of the nineteen association members, including the president, to gather relevant information about the association and its operations. Secondary information sources included an exhaustive review of web-based literature, books, online newspapers, and PDF documents containing information on key concepts, market history, and prices, aiding in understanding and developing the work. Among the findings, it was revealed that AMEAP is an association of women that has not yet managed to export directly but through national intermediaries, due to their lack of information, as well as not having a properly conditioned workspace tailored to their needs to increase their production capacity. However, despite this, due to the quality of the product in terms of the care taken to inspect each pupa and avoid sending damaged goods, they have managed to retain customers since they started the business. AMEAP does not incur costs to acquire raw materials, as the butterfly species they are authorized to sell were captured by themselves in the green areas around them. They themselves plant the host plants. The fruits are not exclusively purchased for the butterflies, but rather they use fruit that is going bad in their homes or from their backyard plantings. And they recycle plastic containers as pots. The initial investment for conditioning, compared to others, is relatively low, focusing mainly on equipment and furniture since AMEAP already has the infrastructure where the laboratory is located, and only needs to properly condition the packaging center to improve production and avoid product losses. It was determined that the appropriate source of financing is a bank loan, a loan of $2,458.92 from Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, as it offers the lowest interest rate of 10.83%. For this, a thirty percent contribution with own resources and seventy percent debt was considered. It is believed that once AMEAP conditions the packaging center, its sales and income can increase due to the high demand for butterfly pupae and their large number of species. Instead, it is recommended that they approach various institutions that provide advice on the use of digital platforms to promote their product, basic use of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word to keep track of costs, expenses, and production. As well as information on how to export. This is so that they can make the most of their business. Keywords: Investment – source of financing – increase – association – conditioning – bank loan –interest rate.
The development of an investment plan for the conditioning of the butterfly pupa packaging center of the Association of Ecological and Artisan Women of Porvenir, Upala, for the year 2025, will help determine all investment elements and corresponding costs linked to said conditioning during the initial phase, subsequently identifying an appropriate source of financing. According to a 2019 report by the University of Costa Rica, around four hundred Costa Rican families directly rely on the sale of butterfly pupae, generating not only a positive economic impact but also increasing environmental awareness. Among these families is AMEAP, an association of nineteen women in Porvenir de Aguas Claras dedicated to this activity. Additionally, AMEAP wishes to increase its sales to boost its income, hence the need to properly condition their workplace to enhance comfort and reduce the risk of product loss resulting from transfers to the president's house, where they currently pack. The work was developed using a mixed-methodological approach with a descriptive and analytical scope, requiring a diagnosis to identify the assets required for conditioning, as well as investment costs. Data collection was deepened through primary information sources, conducting a focus group with sixteen of the nineteen association members, including the president, to gather relevant information about the association and its operations. Secondary information sources included an exhaustive review of web-based literature, books, online newspapers, and PDF documents containing information on key concepts, market history, and prices, aiding in understanding and developing the work. Among the findings, it was revealed that AMEAP is an association of women that has not yet managed to export directly but through national intermediaries, due to their lack of information, as well as not having a properly conditioned workspace tailored to their needs to increase their production capacity. However, despite this, due to the quality of the product in terms of the care taken to inspect each pupa and avoid sending damaged goods, they have managed to retain customers since they started the business. AMEAP does not incur costs to acquire raw materials, as the butterfly species they are authorized to sell were captured by themselves in the green areas around them. They themselves plant the host plants. The fruits are not exclusively purchased for the butterflies, but rather they use fruit that is going bad in their homes or from their backyard plantings. And they recycle plastic containers as pots. The initial investment for conditioning, compared to others, is relatively low, focusing mainly on equipment and furniture since AMEAP already has the infrastructure where the laboratory is located, and only needs to properly condition the packaging center to improve production and avoid product losses. It was determined that the appropriate source of financing is a bank loan, a loan of $2,458.92 from Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, as it offers the lowest interest rate of 10.83%. For this, a thirty percent contribution with own resources and seventy percent debt was considered. It is believed that once AMEAP conditions the packaging center, its sales and income can increase due to the high demand for butterfly pupae and their large number of species. Instead, it is recommended that they approach various institutions that provide advice on the use of digital platforms to promote their product, basic use of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word to keep track of costs, expenses, and production. As well as information on how to export. This is so that they can make the most of their business. Keywords: Investment – source of financing – increase – association – conditioning – bank loan –interest rate.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRACION, INVERSION, ASOCIACIONES, MUJERES, MARIPOSARIOS