Tsunami de las islas Kermadec del 4 de marzo del 2021: registros, modelado numérico y atención del evento para Costa Rica
Fecha
2022-03-23
Autores
Porras Espinoza, Hernán
Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony
Rivera, Fabio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El 4 de marzo de 2021 ocurrió un sismo de Mw=8.1 en la trinchera de Tonga-Kermadec, que
generó una advertencia de tsunami por parte del Centro de Alerta de Tsunamis del Pacífico
(PTWC). Se presenta un evento por parte de SINAMOT, que actúa como Centro Nacional de
Alerta de Tsunamis (NTWC) en Costa Rica. El tiempo de viaje fue cerca de 15 horas y permitió
utilizar el modelado numérico de inundación por tsunami como una herramienta más en la toma
de decisiones. Las alturas modeladas concuerdan bien con los registros en los mareógrafos del
país. El tsunami tuvo una altura máxima de 17.6 cm en el mareógrafo de la Marina Pez Vela en
Quepos y de 6.1 cm en el de bahía Chattam en la isla del Coco y es el primer registro en este
mareógrafo desde su instalación en marzo de 2018. Además, en bahía Wafer (isla del Coco)
se filmó al tsunami subiendo por el río y se reportaron corrientes fuertes, las cuales no fueron
reproducidas por el modelo numérico. El contraste de estos efectos y una altura tan pequeña
registrada en el mareógrafo, junto con los efectos de tsunamis anteriores, como el de Japón 2011,
confirman la presencia de un efecto local para la bahía Wafer. Para el resto del país las alturas de
tsunami pronosticadas por el PTWC resultaron ser una sobreestimación, lo que concuerda con el
resultado del análisis de amenaza realizado por SINAMOT en primera instancia.
On March 4, 2021 a Mw=8.1 earthquake at the Tonga-Kermadec Trench generated a tsunami threat warning from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). Costa Rica’s National Tsunami Monitoring System (Sinamot), acting as the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC), issued a warning about the possibility of a tsunami. The travel time of approximately 15 hours allowed the use of tsunami (flooding) numerical modeling as an additional decision support tool. The modeled tsunami heights agreed well with the records from two Costa Rican tide gauges. The tsunami reached a maximum height of 17.6 cm at Quepos (Pez Vela Marina) and 6.1 cm at the Chattam Bay tide gauge at Cocos Island, which was the first tsunami recorded at this gauge since its deployment in March 2018. At Wafer Bay on Cocos Island witnesses filmed the tsunami running upriver and reported strong currents which were not predicted by the model. The contrast between these effects and the small height recorded at the nearby gauge, together with the effects of previous tsunamis, such as the one that occurred in Japan in 2011, confirmed a local effect at Wafer Bay. For the rest of the country the PTWC forecast overestimated the tsunami heights that were actually recorded, which in turn agreed with the first threat analysis carried out by the Sinamot.
On March 4, 2021 a Mw=8.1 earthquake at the Tonga-Kermadec Trench generated a tsunami threat warning from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). Costa Rica’s National Tsunami Monitoring System (Sinamot), acting as the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC), issued a warning about the possibility of a tsunami. The travel time of approximately 15 hours allowed the use of tsunami (flooding) numerical modeling as an additional decision support tool. The modeled tsunami heights agreed well with the records from two Costa Rican tide gauges. The tsunami reached a maximum height of 17.6 cm at Quepos (Pez Vela Marina) and 6.1 cm at the Chattam Bay tide gauge at Cocos Island, which was the first tsunami recorded at this gauge since its deployment in March 2018. At Wafer Bay on Cocos Island witnesses filmed the tsunami running upriver and reported strong currents which were not predicted by the model. The contrast between these effects and the small height recorded at the nearby gauge, together with the effects of previous tsunamis, such as the one that occurred in Japan in 2011, confirmed a local effect at Wafer Bay. For the rest of the country the PTWC forecast overestimated the tsunami heights that were actually recorded, which in turn agreed with the first threat analysis carried out by the Sinamot.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MODELADO, MAREMOTOS, COSTA RICA, TSUNAMIS, ISLAS KERMADEC (NUEVA ZELANDA), VOLCANES, PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES, HUNGA TONGA HUNGA HA'APAI