Caracterización fenotípica de aislamientos de Brucella sp. obtenidos a partir de murciélagos (Desmodus rotundus) en Piedras Blancas, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Fecha
2024
Autores
Hidalgo Montealegre, Daniela
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Brucella es un género de bacterias responsable de causar brucelosis, una enfermedad zoonótica distribuida en el mundo. Las brucelas causan problemas reproductivos en animales domésticos y silvestres e infecciones debilitantes en los seres humanos. En el año 2023 se describió una nueva la especie llamada Brucella nosferati, cuyo nombre es reminiscente de la leyenda del vampiro Nosferatu de Transilvania, aislada de murciélagos vampiro de la especie Desmodus rotundus (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). Estos murciélagos mostraron lesiones en la placenta, colonización bacteriana de las glándulas salivales y mamaria, orquiepididimitis, otros órganos, muerte fetal y momificaciones (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). Ante este hallazgo se planteó la necesidad de realizar una caracterización bacteriológica y fenotípica de los aislamientos de B. nosferati. Para ello, se emplearon pruebas bioquímicas y bacteriológicas validadas para el género Brucella, y métodos de identificación automatizados como el VITEK® 2. Todos los aislamientos evaluados fueron positivos a la prueba de oxidasa, no utilizaron citrato ni requirieron de CO2 para su crecimiento. Además, presentaron variabilidad en la capacidad de reducir nitratos, presentaron una actividad de ureasa muy rápida, fueron capaces de producir H2S, crecieron en presencia de tionina y fucsina, y se clasificaron como bacterias lisas. Con respecto a los análisis del VITEK® 2, todos los aislamientos resultaron bioquímicamente idénticos entre sí. Al comparar los resultados bioquímicos con las cepas de referencia B. abortus 2308W, Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 y B. canis BcanCR12, los porcentajes de similitud fueron de 82.97%, 91.49% y 93.62% respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se evaluaron las curvas crecimiento bacteriano en medios de cultivo líquido. Tanto Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 como B. nosferati alcanzaron la fase estacionaria después de 48 horas y presentaron una fase exponencial más prolongada, alcanzando mayor densidad bacteriana en comparación con B. abortus. Se determinó que tanto Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 como Brucella nosferati presentaron un alto nivel de resistencia a polimixina B y a la acción bactericida del suero.
Esta caracterización sienta las bases para estudios comparativos sobre la genética y
virulencia de esta nueva especie de Brucella.
Brucella is a genus of bacteria responsible for causing brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. This illness leads to reproductive issues in domesticated animals and wildlife, and imposes a debilitating infection on humans. In 2023, a new species named Brucella nosferati was described, with a name eminiscent of the Transylvanian vampire legend Nosferatu, isolated from vampire bats of the species Desmodus rotundus (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). These bats exhibited placental lesions, bacterial colonization of salivary and mammary glands, orchiepididymitis, other organs, mummifications and fetal death (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). This finding prompted the need for a bacteriological and phenotypic characterization of B. nosferati isolates. To achieve this, validated biochemical and bacteriological tests for the Brucella genus were employed, along with automated identification methods such as VITEK® 2. All evaluated isolates tested positive for the oxidase test, did not utilize citrate, and did not require CO2 for growth. Moreover, they showed variability in nitrate reduction capability, exhibited very rapid urease activity, produced H2S, grew in the presence of thionine and fuchsin, and were classified as smooth bacteria. In terms of VITEK® 2 analysis, all isolates were found to be biochemically identical to each other. When comparing the biochemical results with reference strains B. abortus 2308W, Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3, and B. canis BcanCR12, the similarity percentages were 82.97%, 91.49%, and 93.62%, respectively. Additionally, bacterial growth curves in broth culture media were evaluated. Both Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 and B. nosferati reached the stationary phase after 48 hours and exhibited a more extended exponential phase, attaining a higher bacterial density compared to B. abortus. It was determined that both Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 and Brucella nosferati displayed a high level of resistance to polymyxin B and resistance to the bactericidal action of serum. This characterization lays the groundwork for comparative studies on the genetics and virulence of this new Brucella species.
Brucella is a genus of bacteria responsible for causing brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. This illness leads to reproductive issues in domesticated animals and wildlife, and imposes a debilitating infection on humans. In 2023, a new species named Brucella nosferati was described, with a name eminiscent of the Transylvanian vampire legend Nosferatu, isolated from vampire bats of the species Desmodus rotundus (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). These bats exhibited placental lesions, bacterial colonization of salivary and mammary glands, orchiepididymitis, other organs, mummifications and fetal death (Hernández-Mora et al. 2023). This finding prompted the need for a bacteriological and phenotypic characterization of B. nosferati isolates. To achieve this, validated biochemical and bacteriological tests for the Brucella genus were employed, along with automated identification methods such as VITEK® 2. All evaluated isolates tested positive for the oxidase test, did not utilize citrate, and did not require CO2 for growth. Moreover, they showed variability in nitrate reduction capability, exhibited very rapid urease activity, produced H2S, grew in the presence of thionine and fuchsin, and were classified as smooth bacteria. In terms of VITEK® 2 analysis, all isolates were found to be biochemically identical to each other. When comparing the biochemical results with reference strains B. abortus 2308W, Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3, and B. canis BcanCR12, the similarity percentages were 82.97%, 91.49%, and 93.62%, respectively. Additionally, bacterial growth curves in broth culture media were evaluated. Both Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 and B. nosferati reached the stationary phase after 48 hours and exhibited a more extended exponential phase, attaining a higher bacterial density compared to B. abortus. It was determined that both Brucella nosferati BCCN 84.3 and Brucella nosferati displayed a high level of resistance to polymyxin B and resistance to the bactericidal action of serum. This characterization lays the groundwork for comparative studies on the genetics and virulence of this new Brucella species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
BRUCELOSIS, BRUCELLA, MURCIELAGO, ZOONOSIS, ZOONOSES, FENOTIPOS, PUNTARENAS (COSTA RICA), DESMODUS ROTUNDUS