Aplicación de los hidrogeles del Acido Itacónico en a liberación controlada de un plaguicida
Archivos
Fecha
2002
Autores
Rojas Carrillo, Oscar
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los hidrogeles poliméricos presentan características estructurales de enorme interés por su aplicación en el campo de la biomedicina y la agricultura. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron preparar hidrogeles por copolimerización del ácido itacónico y la acrilamida con diferentes porcentajes de N,N-metilenbisacrilamida (1%, 2,5%, 5%, 10%) usado como agente entrecruzante para observar su efecto en la velocidad de liberación de plaguicida brocamil, introducido previamente en la red polimérica. La estabilidad térmica de los hidrogeles con 5% de agente entrecruzante con y sin plaguicida se determinó por medio del análisis termogravimétrico. En ambos casos se observan dos procesos de descomposición, el primero cercano a los 250°C y el segundo a los 400°C. La presencia del plaguicida causa una disminución de la estabilidad térmica del hidrogel reduciendo la temperatura de inicio de la descomposición de 217°C a 167°C. Se estudió el hinchamiento de los hidrogeles sin plaguicida. Se demostró que al aumentar la concentración de agente entrecruzante el porcentaje de hinchamiento disminuye entre 4 687% y 343% para los hidrogeles con 1% y 10%. La liberación de brocamil introducido en los hidrogeles se realizó en medio acuoso, a pH neutro y 23°C. Se determinó que el brocamil se liberó en cuatro días. Las curvas de liberación de brocamil no muestran grandes diferencias en cuanto a la velocidad de liberación con respecto al contenido de agente entrecuzante. Sin embargo la formulación con 10% de agente entrecuzante libera el brocamil a una velocidad mayor que las demás. Los datos de liberación se ajustaron al modelo cinético descrito por Stastna Mt/Mz=k t (Stastna, 1995), encontrándose que los materiales presentan ordenes de liberación "n" de 0,70, 0,70, 0,55, y 0,41 para los hidrogeles con 1%, 2,5%, 5%, 10% de agente entrecruzante respectivamente. Esto indica que el mecanismo de liberación del brocamil para las tres primeras formulaciones está gobernado por difusión e interacción del polímero con el agente activo brocamil mientras que el hidrogel con 10% de entrecruzante presenta otros fenómenos de liberación.
Polymeric hydrogels have structural characteristics of great interest due to their application in the field of biomedicine and agriculture. The objectives of the present study were to prepare hydrogels by copolymerization of itaconic acid and acrylamide with different percentages of N, N methylenebisacrylamide (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) used as crosslinking agent to observe its effect on the release rate of the pesticide brocamil, previously introduced into the polymeric network. The thermal stability of hydrogels with 5% crosslinking agent with and without pesticide was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. In both cases, two decomposition processes are observed, the first close to 250 ° C and the second at 400 ° C. The presence of the pesticide causes a decrease in the thermal stability of the hydrogel, reducing the decomposition initiation temperature from 217 ° C to 167 ° C. The swelling of the hydrogels without pesticide was studied. It was shown that by increasing the concentration of crosslinking agent, the swelling percentage decreases between 4,687% and 343% for hydrogels with 1% and 10%. The release of brocamil introduced into the hydrogels was carried out in an aqueous medium, at neutral pH and 23 ° C. Brocamil was determined to be released in four days. The release curves of brocamil do not show great differences in terms of the rate of release with respect to the content of crosslinking agent. However, the 10% crosslinking agent formulation releases brocamil at a higher rate than the others. The release data were adjusted to the kinetic model described by Stastna Mt / Mz = kt (Stastna, 1995), finding that the materials present release orders "n" of 0.70, 0.70, 0.55, and 0, 41 for hydrogels with 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% crosslinking agent respectively. This indicates that the brocamil release mechanism for the first three formulations is governed by diffusion and interaction of the polymer with the active agent brocamil, while the hydrogel with 10% crosslinking agent exhibits other release phenomena.
Polymeric hydrogels have structural characteristics of great interest due to their application in the field of biomedicine and agriculture. The objectives of the present study were to prepare hydrogels by copolymerization of itaconic acid and acrylamide with different percentages of N, N methylenebisacrylamide (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) used as crosslinking agent to observe its effect on the release rate of the pesticide brocamil, previously introduced into the polymeric network. The thermal stability of hydrogels with 5% crosslinking agent with and without pesticide was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. In both cases, two decomposition processes are observed, the first close to 250 ° C and the second at 400 ° C. The presence of the pesticide causes a decrease in the thermal stability of the hydrogel, reducing the decomposition initiation temperature from 217 ° C to 167 ° C. The swelling of the hydrogels without pesticide was studied. It was shown that by increasing the concentration of crosslinking agent, the swelling percentage decreases between 4,687% and 343% for hydrogels with 1% and 10%. The release of brocamil introduced into the hydrogels was carried out in an aqueous medium, at neutral pH and 23 ° C. Brocamil was determined to be released in four days. The release curves of brocamil do not show great differences in terms of the rate of release with respect to the content of crosslinking agent. However, the 10% crosslinking agent formulation releases brocamil at a higher rate than the others. The release data were adjusted to the kinetic model described by Stastna Mt / Mz = kt (Stastna, 1995), finding that the materials present release orders "n" of 0.70, 0.70, 0.55, and 0, 41 for hydrogels with 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% crosslinking agent respectively. This indicates that the brocamil release mechanism for the first three formulations is governed by diffusion and interaction of the polymer with the active agent brocamil, while the hydrogel with 10% crosslinking agent exhibits other release phenomena.
Descripción
Rojas Carrillo, O. (2002). Aplicación de los hidrogeles del Acido Itacónico en a liberación controlada de un plaguicida. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
HIDROGELES, HYDROGELS, PLAGUICIDAS, PESTICIDES