Noción y práctica pedagógica sobre competencias de pensamiento científico en docentes de Física, Química y Biología de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la UNA
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Fecha
2017-04
Autores
Hernández Valverde, Willy
Rojas Saliceti, Byron
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como propósito principal analizar la noción y práctica pedagógica del profesorado de Física, Química y Biología de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la UNA sobre competencias de pensamiento científico (CPC). La literatura consultada establece que la noción sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias que poseen los profesores universitarios se encuentra ligada al desarrollo de competencias científicas en los estudiantes, competencias que deberían fomentarse tanto a nivel cognitivo como a nivel de lenguaje y experiencia. La investigación responde a un enfoque cualitativo dominante y a un tipo de estudio fenomenológico. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 9 profesores que imparten cursos de la carrera Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la UNA, en las áreas de Física, Química y Biología. Las principales conclusiones indican que la gran mayoría de profesores indagados poseen una noción naturalista sobre las competencias de pensamiento científico, a pesar de expresar diversas actitudes de corte tradicional. En tanto, los cursos de la carrera Enseñanza de las Ciencias investigados emplean como principal recurso de construcción del aprendizaje el plano de pensamiento, abordado desde una perspectiva instrumental-operativa; lo cual corresponde a una tendencia más tradicional de la enseñanza. A su vez, a nivel de práctica pedagógica, son los cursos teórico-prácticos los que presentan mayores espacios que promueven el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento científico, seguidos de los cursos prácticos, y por último los cursos teóricos, en los cuales no se promueven espacios para desarrollar adecuadamente las competencias de pensamiento científico. Finalmente, las distintas nociones sobre CPC que poseen los profesores de la carrera Enseñanza de las Ciencias (más o menos naturalistas) derivan en una gran variedad de prácticas pedagógicas, en las cuales se propicia el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento científico en mayor o menor medida, por lo que no es posible establecer una única relación (o una relación constante) entre la noción docente y su práctica pedagógica. Debido a esto, algunas de las recomendaciones propuestas son revisar detenidamente los programas de estudio propuestos para las asignaturas de Física, Química y Biología de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias, a modo de reducir aquellas metodologías desarrolladas desde una noción tradicional de la ciencia, incrementado, a su vez, el número de recursos que permitan a los futuros docentes el desarrollo de competencias de pensamiento científico. Además, brindar capacitaciones a los docentes de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias, basadas en un modelo de CPC que permita formar profesionales acordes a las necesidades del sistema educativo nacional.
The main purpose of this research was to analyze the notion and pedagogical practice of the Physics, Chemistry and Biology faculty of the UNA Science Teaching career on scientific thinking competencies (CPC). The literature consulted establishes that the notion of science teaching held by university professors is linked to the development of scientific competencies in students, competencies that should be fostered both at the cognitive level and at the level of language and experience. The research responds to a dominant qualitative approach and a type of phenomenological study. The study population consisted of 9 professors who teach courses in the Science Education career at UNA, in the areas of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The main conclusions indicate that the vast majority of teachers investigated have a naturalistic notion of scientific thinking skills, despite expressing various traditional attitudes. Meanwhile, the Science Education courses investigated use the plane of thought as the main resource for building learning, approached from an instrumental-operative perspective; which corresponds to a more traditional tendency of teaching. In turn, at the level of pedagogical practice, it is the theoretical-practical courses that present the greatest spaces that promote the development of scientific thinking skills, followed by the practical courses, and finally the theoretical courses, in which they are not promoted. spaces to adequately develop scientific thinking skills. Finally, the different notions about CPC that the professors of the Science Teaching career have (more or less naturalists) derive in a great variety of pedagogical practices, in which the development of scientific thinking skills is encouraged to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, it is not possible to establish a single relationship (or a constant relationship) between the notion of teaching and its pedagogical practice. Due to this, some of the proposed recommendations are to carefully review the study programs proposed for the subjects of Physics, Chemistry and Biology of the Science Teaching career, in order to reduce those methodologies developed from a traditional notion of science, increased, in turn, the number of resources that allow future teachers to develop scientific thinking skills. In addition, provide training to teachers of the Science Teaching career, based on a CPC model that allows training professionals according to the needs of the national education system.
The main purpose of this research was to analyze the notion and pedagogical practice of the Physics, Chemistry and Biology faculty of the UNA Science Teaching career on scientific thinking competencies (CPC). The literature consulted establishes that the notion of science teaching held by university professors is linked to the development of scientific competencies in students, competencies that should be fostered both at the cognitive level and at the level of language and experience. The research responds to a dominant qualitative approach and a type of phenomenological study. The study population consisted of 9 professors who teach courses in the Science Education career at UNA, in the areas of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The main conclusions indicate that the vast majority of teachers investigated have a naturalistic notion of scientific thinking skills, despite expressing various traditional attitudes. Meanwhile, the Science Education courses investigated use the plane of thought as the main resource for building learning, approached from an instrumental-operative perspective; which corresponds to a more traditional tendency of teaching. In turn, at the level of pedagogical practice, it is the theoretical-practical courses that present the greatest spaces that promote the development of scientific thinking skills, followed by the practical courses, and finally the theoretical courses, in which they are not promoted. spaces to adequately develop scientific thinking skills. Finally, the different notions about CPC that the professors of the Science Teaching career have (more or less naturalists) derive in a great variety of pedagogical practices, in which the development of scientific thinking skills is encouraged to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, it is not possible to establish a single relationship (or a constant relationship) between the notion of teaching and its pedagogical practice. Due to this, some of the proposed recommendations are to carefully review the study programs proposed for the subjects of Physics, Chemistry and Biology of the Science Teaching career, in order to reduce those methodologies developed from a traditional notion of science, increased, in turn, the number of resources that allow future teachers to develop scientific thinking skills. In addition, provide training to teachers of the Science Teaching career, based on a CPC model that allows training professionals according to the needs of the national education system.
Descripción
Hernández Valverde, W. & Rojas Saliceti, B. (2017). Noción y práctica pedagógica sobre competencias de pensamiento científico en docentes de Física, Química y Biología de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la UNA. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL (COSTA RICA), PEDAGOGIA, PEDAGOGY, COMPETENCIA (APTITUD), ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, PROFESORES UNIVERSITARIOS, ENSEÑANZA CIENTIFICA