Identificación y ocurrencia de fitonematodos residentes de algunas plantas medicinales en Costa Rica
Fecha
2025
Autores
Campos Ruíz, Marcelo de Jesús
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En Costa Rica no existe información sobre la distribución y abundancia de nematodos fitoparásitos (NF) y de vida libre (VL) en plantas medicinales. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar, la presencia y densidad poblacional de NF y de VL residentes en plantas medicinales de uso común. Se recolectaron 60 muestras de suelo en las provincias de San José (n=5), Alajuela (7), Heredia (35), Cartago (11) y Guanacaste (2), entre agosto de 2023 y junio de 2024. Las muestras se procesaron por el método de centrifugación y flotación en solución azucarada y los nematodos se identificaron con claves pictóricas y microscopía óptica a 40X. Se determinó la frecuencia de ocurrencia (FO), la densidad promedio y la dominancia (dominante [D], no dominante [ND] y ocasional [O]). Se identificaron 15 géneros y tres especies de nematodos fitoparásitos. Los nematodos categorizados como dominantes (D) fueron: Meloidogyne (90%), Tylenchus (87%), Aphelenchus (80%), Helicotylenchus (75%), Aphelenchoides (68%) y Rotylenchulus (53%). Como no dominantes (ND) se registraron: Hemicycliophora (43%), Criconema (30%) y Mesocriconema (28%). Los ocasionales (O) incluyeron: Pratylenchus (20%), Trichodorus (23%), Scutellonema (17%), Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum (10%), Crossonema (7%), Xiphinema (7%), Rotylenchus (7%), Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus (5%) y Longidorus laevicapitatus (3%). El análisis de correspondencias mostró asociación y alta dominancia de Meloidogyne en salvia piña (77%), jengibre (67%) y tilo (50%); Helicotylenchus en sábila (48%); Rotylenchulus en juanilama (34%) y orégano (32%); y Hemicycliophora en apazote (50%) y hierba luisa (51%). Este estudio representa el primer registro de nematodos residentes en plantas medicinales en Costa Rica y sienta las bases para estrategias sostenibles de manejo fitosanitario en cultivos medicinales.
In Costa Rica, there is no information on the distribution and abundance of plant-parasitic (PP) and free-living (FL) nematodes in medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence and population density of PP and FL nematodes residing in commonly used medicinal plants. Sixty soil samples were collected in the provinces of San José (n=5), Alajuela (7), Heredia (35), Cartago (11), and Guanacaste (2) between August 2023 and June 2024. The samples were processed using the centrifugation and flotation method in a sugar solution, and the nematodes were identified using pictorial keys and 40X optical microscopy. The frequency of occurrence (FO), average density, and dominance (dominant [D], non-dominant [ND], and occasional [O]) were determined. Fifteen genera and three species of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified. The nematodes categorized as dominant (D) were: Meloidogyne (90%), Tylenchus (87%), Aphelenchus (80%), Helicotylenchus (75%), Aphelenchoides (68%), and Rotylenchulus (53%). The non-dominant (ND) nematodes recorded were: Hemicycliophora (43%), Criconema (30%), and Mesocriconema (28%). Occasional (O) species included: Pratylenchus (20%), Trichodorus (23%), Scutellonema (17%), Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum (10%), Crossonema (7%), Xiphinema (7%), Rotylenchus (7%), Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus (5%), and Longidorus laevicapitatus (3%). Correspondence analysis showed an association and high dominance of Meloidogyne in pineapple sage (77%), ginger (67%), and linden (50%); Helicotylenchus in aloe (48%); Rotylenchulus in juanilama (34%) and oregano (32%); and Hemicycliophora in apazote (50%) and lemon verbena (51%). This study represents the first record of nematodes residing in medicinal plants in Costa Rica and lays the groundwork for sustainable phytosanitary management strategies in medicinal crops.
In Costa Rica, there is no information on the distribution and abundance of plant-parasitic (PP) and free-living (FL) nematodes in medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence and population density of PP and FL nematodes residing in commonly used medicinal plants. Sixty soil samples were collected in the provinces of San José (n=5), Alajuela (7), Heredia (35), Cartago (11), and Guanacaste (2) between August 2023 and June 2024. The samples were processed using the centrifugation and flotation method in a sugar solution, and the nematodes were identified using pictorial keys and 40X optical microscopy. The frequency of occurrence (FO), average density, and dominance (dominant [D], non-dominant [ND], and occasional [O]) were determined. Fifteen genera and three species of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified. The nematodes categorized as dominant (D) were: Meloidogyne (90%), Tylenchus (87%), Aphelenchus (80%), Helicotylenchus (75%), Aphelenchoides (68%), and Rotylenchulus (53%). The non-dominant (ND) nematodes recorded were: Hemicycliophora (43%), Criconema (30%), and Mesocriconema (28%). Occasional (O) species included: Pratylenchus (20%), Trichodorus (23%), Scutellonema (17%), Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum (10%), Crossonema (7%), Xiphinema (7%), Rotylenchus (7%), Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus (5%), and Longidorus laevicapitatus (3%). Correspondence analysis showed an association and high dominance of Meloidogyne in pineapple sage (77%), ginger (67%), and linden (50%); Helicotylenchus in aloe (48%); Rotylenchulus in juanilama (34%) and oregano (32%); and Hemicycliophora in apazote (50%) and lemon verbena (51%). This study represents the first record of nematodes residing in medicinal plants in Costa Rica and lays the groundwork for sustainable phytosanitary management strategies in medicinal crops.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con modalidad de: artículo científico
Palabras clave
NEMÁTODOS PARÁSITOS DE PLANTAS, PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES, PLANTAS MEDICINALES, MEDICINAL PLANTS, COSTA RICA, CONTROL DE NEMATODOS, NEMATODE CONTROL, CRICONEMATIDAE, CRICONEMATIDAE, CRICONEMATÍDEA
