‘’Propuesta de plan operacional en el servicio de agua potable del sistema de Altamira para la ASADA de Bijagua, Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica"
Fecha
2023
Autores
Mayorga Chaves, Jean Carlos
Soto Arce, Luis Diego
Título de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Sede Regional Chorotega
Resumen
Las ASADAS tienen la responsabilidad de gestionar de manera integral el recurso hídrico
para proporcionar agua potable y saneamiento a las comunidades. Esto implica un enfoque
administrativo, financiero, comercial y socioambiental eficiente para asegurar la
sostenibilidad de los servicios lo cual es una parte fundamental de esta gestión es el
desarrollo de un plan operativo que evalúe los puntos críticos, anticipándose a posibles
amenazas que puedan afectar el funcionamiento del acueducto. La implementación exitosa
de estas medidas contribuye significativamente a mejorar la calidad de vida en las
comunidades que dependen de este recurso hídrico esencial.
El objetivo principal de este estudio es construir una propuesta de plan operacional como
herramienta que permita la mejora de la gestión del agua en el sistema de Altamira de la
ASADA Bijagua, Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica.
La metodología que se utilizó para lograr el objetivo fue de carácter mixto, por lo que para
elaborar el plan primeramente se realizaron distintas fases donde primeramente se realizó
un diagnóstico y evaluación de los principales componentes del acueducto de Altamira,
luego se realizó un análisis de percepción social de los usuarios y una evaluación de
personales administrativos mediante encuestas. Por añadido se evaluó la capacidad hídrica
e hidráulica mediante balances hídricos y modelación hidráulica en diferentes escenarios
críticos. Finalmente, con todos los recursos obtenidos a partir de lo anteriormente
mencionado se generó una matriz de riesgos para priorizar los puntos críticos de cuidados
y finalmente formular el plan operacional que contempla las respectivas medidas correctivas
que optimizarían el funcionamiento del acueducto de Altamira de la ASADA Bijagua.
En general, el diagnóstico y la evaluación del acueducto de Altamira muestra un sistema de
suministro de agua potable en donde algunos de los riesgos más prominentes encontrados,
se incluyen la falta de protección en zonas de recarga de agua, tuberías antiguas cercanas
al final de su vida útil, además, la ubicación geográfica del acueducto plantea desafíos
específicos relacionados con la vulnerabilidad a eventos naturales. Así como también se
destaca la gestión inadecuada en algunos componentes específicos de la infraestructura,
la participación limitada y desinformación de los usuarios. Existen desafíos en la
administración financiera y en la microcuenca que también emergen como preocupaciones
críticas a futuro como desfases económicos, crecimiento poblacional, el aumento de
infraestructura hotelera, cambio climático y la deforestación dado a que son factores se
encuentran ligados con los recursos hídricos y su operación.
La propuesta del plan operativo para el sistema de Altamira de la ASADA Bijagua se formuló
con un enfoque integral y proactivo hacia la gestión de riesgos y la mejora continua. La
identificación de puntos críticos en cada componente del sistema, junto con medidas
correctivas específicas para los riesgos encontrados, responsables designados y plazos
claros de ejecución, reflejan que por lo general dicho plan operativo para el sistema de
Altamira se basa en la sostenibilidad a largo plazo.
he ASADAS have the responsibility of comprehensively managing the water resource to provide drinking water and sanitation to the communities. This implies an efficient administrative, financial, commercial, and socio-environmental approach to ensure the sustainability of services, which is a fundamental part of this management is the development of an operational plan that evaluates critical points, anticipating possible threats that may affect operation. of the aqueduct. The successful implementation of these measures contributes significantly to improving the quality of life in communities that depend on this essential water resource. The main objective of this study is to build a proposed operational plan as a tool that allows the improvement of water management in the Altamira system of ASADA Bijagua, Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica. The methodology that was used to achieve the objective was of a mixed nature, so to prepare the plan, different phases were first carried out where first a diagnosis and evaluation of the main components of the Altamira aqueduct was carried out, then a perception analysis was carried out. of users and an evaluation of administrative personnel through surveys. In addition, the water and hydraulic capacity was evaluated through water balances and hydraulic modeling in different critical scenarios. Finally, with all the resources obtained from the, a risk matrix was generated to prioritize the critical care points and finally formulate the operational plan that contemplates the respective corrective measures that would optimize the operation of the Altamira aqueduct of the ASADA Bijagua. In general, the diagnosis and evaluation of the Altamira aqueduct shows a drinking water supply system where some of the most prominent risks found include the lack of protection in water recharge areas, old pipes near the end of their useful life, in addition, the geographical location of the aqueduct poses specific challenges related to vulnerability to natural events. As well as the inadequate management of some specific components of the infrastructure, the limited participation and misinformation of users are also highlighted. There are challenges in financial administration and in the micro-basin that also emerge as critical concerns for the future such as economic gaps, population growth, the increase in hotel infrastructure, climate change and deforestation given that these are factors linked to water resources and their operation. The proposed operational plan for the ASADA Bijagua Altamira system was formulated with a comprehensive and proactive approach towards risk management and continuous improvement. The identification of critical points in each component of the system, together with specific corrective measures for the risks found, designated responsible parties and clear execution deadlines, reflect that generally said operational plan for the Altamira system is based on long-term sustainability.
he ASADAS have the responsibility of comprehensively managing the water resource to provide drinking water and sanitation to the communities. This implies an efficient administrative, financial, commercial, and socio-environmental approach to ensure the sustainability of services, which is a fundamental part of this management is the development of an operational plan that evaluates critical points, anticipating possible threats that may affect operation. of the aqueduct. The successful implementation of these measures contributes significantly to improving the quality of life in communities that depend on this essential water resource. The main objective of this study is to build a proposed operational plan as a tool that allows the improvement of water management in the Altamira system of ASADA Bijagua, Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica. The methodology that was used to achieve the objective was of a mixed nature, so to prepare the plan, different phases were first carried out where first a diagnosis and evaluation of the main components of the Altamira aqueduct was carried out, then a perception analysis was carried out. of users and an evaluation of administrative personnel through surveys. In addition, the water and hydraulic capacity was evaluated through water balances and hydraulic modeling in different critical scenarios. Finally, with all the resources obtained from the, a risk matrix was generated to prioritize the critical care points and finally formulate the operational plan that contemplates the respective corrective measures that would optimize the operation of the Altamira aqueduct of the ASADA Bijagua. In general, the diagnosis and evaluation of the Altamira aqueduct shows a drinking water supply system where some of the most prominent risks found include the lack of protection in water recharge areas, old pipes near the end of their useful life, in addition, the geographical location of the aqueduct poses specific challenges related to vulnerability to natural events. As well as the inadequate management of some specific components of the infrastructure, the limited participation and misinformation of users are also highlighted. There are challenges in financial administration and in the micro-basin that also emerge as critical concerns for the future such as economic gaps, population growth, the increase in hotel infrastructure, climate change and deforestation given that these are factors linked to water resources and their operation. The proposed operational plan for the ASADA Bijagua Altamira system was formulated with a comprehensive and proactive approach towards risk management and continuous improvement. The identification of critical points in each component of the system, together with specific corrective measures for the risks found, designated responsible parties and clear execution deadlines, reflect that generally said operational plan for the Altamira system is based on long-term sustainability.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, AGUA POTABLE, ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA, EQUILIBRIO HÍDRICO, HIDRÁULICA, ASADAS, BIJAGUA (DISTRITO), BIJAGUA (UPALA), UPALA (ALAJUELA), ALAJUELA (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, DRINKING WATER, WATER SUPPLY, WATER BALANCE, HYDRAULICS