Ciudadanía digital y cultura política: un estudio de caso con el uso de TikTok en personas estudiantes de secundaria
Fecha
2026-07-07
Autores
Cárdenas Aguilar, Jimena
Jiménez Beltrán, Valeria Isabel
Retana Bolaños, Yerlin Roxiri
Serrano Espinales, Emanuel José
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente Trabajo Final de Graduación tiene como objeto de estudio la construcción de la ciudadanía digital y la cultura política de las personas estudiantes de undécimo año de una institución educativa de secundaria, esto a través de la red social TikTok. La investigación se centró en la intersección entre las nuevas ciudadanías, la participación política juvenil y el uso de plataformas digitales en el contexto de la campaña electoral costarricense del 2026. Metodológicamente, se utilizó un paradigma interpretativo con enfoque mixto paralelo-convergente, mediante el método de estudio de caso. Los sujetos de estudio consistieron en 37 personas estudiantes de undécimo año. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicaron encuestas, entrevistas grupales y talleres interactivos con material audiovisual de TikTok. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva para los datos cuantitativos y codificación teórica abierta, axial y selectiva para los datos cualitativos. La investigación concluye que la ciudadanía digital de las personas estudiantes se caracteriza por habilidades consolidadas para analizar críticamente el contenido presente en TikTok, sin embargo, presentan niveles bajos en competencias relacionadas a la acción colectiva. Además, las personas estudiantes construyen su cultura política a partir del uso de la plataforma como un ágora electrónica, en la que la política se transforma a través del humor y los memes. En este espacio, el estudiantado ejerce una autonomía epistémica al investigar por cuenta propia y debatir en círculos de confianza, distanciándose de las figuras tradicionales de autoridad adulta. De esta manera, el presente trabajo evidencia cómo las redes sociales, especialmente TikTok, influyen en la forma en que las personas jóvenes interpretan e interactúan con temas de interés ciudadano. La investigación muestra que la plataforma funciona como un espacio de participación política juvenil, mediado por dinámicas de entretenimiento, consumo rápido de la información y circulación de contenido audiovisual. Asimismo, estas prácticas digitales inciden en la construcción de la ciudadanía digital y la cultura política del estudiantado en el contexto actual.
This Final Graduation Project examines the construction of digital citizenship and political culture among eleventh-grade students at a secondary school through the social media platform TikTok. The study focused on the intersection of new forms of citizenship, youth political participation, and the use of digital platforms within the context of Costa Rica's 2026 electoral campaign. Methodologically, the study adopted an interpretive paradigm using a parallel convergent mixed-methods approach and a case study design. The participants consisted of 37 eleventh-grade students. Data were collected through surveys, group interviews, and interactive workshops incorporating audiovisual materials from TikTok. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through open, axial, and selective theoretical coding. The findings indicate that the students' digital citizenship is characterized by well-developed skills for critically analyzing content on TikTok. However, they demonstrated lower levels of competence in areas related to collective action. Furthermore, students construct their political culture through their use of the platform as an electronic agora, where politics is reshaped through humor and memes. Within this space, students exercise epistemic autonomy by independently seeking information and engaging in discussions within trusted social circles, thereby distancing themselves from traditional adult authority figures. Overall, this study demonstrates how social media—particularly TikTok—influences the ways in which young people interpret and engage with issues of civic interest. The findings show that the platform functions as a space for youth political participation, mediated by dynamics of entertainment, rapid information consumption, and the circulation of audiovisual content. These digital practices, in turn, contribute to the construction of students' digital citizenship and political culture within the contemporary social context.
This Final Graduation Project examines the construction of digital citizenship and political culture among eleventh-grade students at a secondary school through the social media platform TikTok. The study focused on the intersection of new forms of citizenship, youth political participation, and the use of digital platforms within the context of Costa Rica's 2026 electoral campaign. Methodologically, the study adopted an interpretive paradigm using a parallel convergent mixed-methods approach and a case study design. The participants consisted of 37 eleventh-grade students. Data were collected through surveys, group interviews, and interactive workshops incorporating audiovisual materials from TikTok. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through open, axial, and selective theoretical coding. The findings indicate that the students' digital citizenship is characterized by well-developed skills for critically analyzing content on TikTok. However, they demonstrated lower levels of competence in areas related to collective action. Furthermore, students construct their political culture through their use of the platform as an electronic agora, where politics is reshaped through humor and memes. Within this space, students exercise epistemic autonomy by independently seeking information and engaging in discussions within trusted social circles, thereby distancing themselves from traditional adult authority figures. Overall, this study demonstrates how social media—particularly TikTok—influences the ways in which young people interpret and engage with issues of civic interest. The findings show that the platform functions as a space for youth political participation, mediated by dynamics of entertainment, rapid information consumption, and the circulation of audiovisual content. These digital practices, in turn, contribute to the construction of students' digital citizenship and political culture within the contemporary social context.
Descripción
Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica
Palabras clave
PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CULTURA POLÍTICA, POLITICAL CULTURE, REDES SOCIALES EN LÍNEA, ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS, JÓVENES, YOUTHS, ESTUDIANTES, STUDENTS
