Distribución y abundancia de las ascidias de los fondos rocosos de la Bahía de Cuajiniquil, Costa Rica
Fecha
2010
Autores
Nova-Bustos, Nidya
Hernández-Zanuy, Aida C.
Viquez-Portuguez, Rigoberto
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras "José Benito Vives de Andréis" (Colombia)
Resumen
Las ascidias de la costa del Pacífico centroamericano están muy poco estudiadas a pesar de que
este grupo se destaca entre los miembros de la fauna bentónica de los fondos duros de la región. Teniendo
en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la distribución y abundancia de las
ascidias en los fondos rocosos de la bahía de Cuajiniquil. Se ofrecen datos de la densidad (individuos por
metro cuadrado de fondo) de las ascidias solitarias Rhopalaea birkelandi (Tokioka) y Ascidia ceratodes
(Huntsman) a 5, 10 y 15 m de profundidad en tres transectos perpendiculares a la costa que se ubicaron
en Isla David, Bajo Rojo y Bajo Viejón, sitios costeros de la bahía de Cuajiniquil, en el noroeste de Costa
Rica. Otras tres especies de ascidias coloniales Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman), Lissoclinum caulleryi
(Ritter y Forsyth) y Polyandrocarpa tincta (Van Name) forman parte de los fondos rocosos de esta bahía
a profundidades mayores de 10 m. El dendrograma de similitud (coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard)
muestra elevada semejanza entre los transectos ubicados en Bajo Viejón e Isla David. La diferencia entre
la profundidad de 5 m y las de 10 y 15 m es significativa (H= 6.24, gl= 2.51, p= 0.04). En Bajo Rojo sólo
se encontraron ascidias solitarias con una densidad promedio 10 veces menor que en los otros dos sitios.
Las diferencias pudieran estar relacionadas con la menor disponibilidad de sustrato provocada por las
algas pardas que cubren la mayor parte del fondo en Bajo Rojo y/o con la mayor estabilidad ambiental de
las comunidades de fondos duros que se encuentran en los bordes de la boca de la bahía, más expuestos
al intercambio con el océano y alejados del impacto que los sedimentos provenientes del río Cuajiniquil
pudiera estar provocando en el centro de la bahía.
Distribution and abundance of the rocky bottom ascidians of Cuajiniquil Bay, Costa Rica. The ascidians of the Central-American Pacific coast are poorly studied, although this group is one of the most important members of the benthic fauna of this region. The present study shows data of density (individuals per square meter) of the solitary ascidians Rhopalaea birkelandi (Tokioka) and Ascidia ceratodes (Huntsman), at 5, 10 and 15 m deep in three transects perpendicular to the coast. These transects were located in Isla David, Bajo Rojo and Bajo Viejón, coastal areas of Cuajiniquil Bay, northeast coast Costa Rica. Other three species of colonial ascidians, Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman), Lissoclinum caulleryi (Ritter y Forsyth) and Polyandrocarpa tincta (Van Name), are part of the benthic communities of the rocky bottoms of this bay at depths greater than 10 m. The cluster analysis (using Jaccard similarity coefficient) shows a high similarity between transects located at Bajo Viejón and Isla David. The difference between 5, 10 and 15 m deep is significant (H= 6.24, gl= 2.51, p= 0.04). In Bajo Rojo only solitary ascidians were found with an average density ten times lower than other sites. These differences could be related to lower substratum availability due to the stronger competition with brown algae which covers most of the sea bottom at Bajo Rojo and/or the higher environmental stability of the hard bottom communities that are usually found on the edges of the higher part of the bay, greatly exposed to oceanic waters and away from impacts that sediments from the Cuajiniquil river could be producing in the middle part of the bay.
Distribution and abundance of the rocky bottom ascidians of Cuajiniquil Bay, Costa Rica. The ascidians of the Central-American Pacific coast are poorly studied, although this group is one of the most important members of the benthic fauna of this region. The present study shows data of density (individuals per square meter) of the solitary ascidians Rhopalaea birkelandi (Tokioka) and Ascidia ceratodes (Huntsman), at 5, 10 and 15 m deep in three transects perpendicular to the coast. These transects were located in Isla David, Bajo Rojo and Bajo Viejón, coastal areas of Cuajiniquil Bay, northeast coast Costa Rica. Other three species of colonial ascidians, Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman), Lissoclinum caulleryi (Ritter y Forsyth) and Polyandrocarpa tincta (Van Name), are part of the benthic communities of the rocky bottoms of this bay at depths greater than 10 m. The cluster analysis (using Jaccard similarity coefficient) shows a high similarity between transects located at Bajo Viejón and Isla David. The difference between 5, 10 and 15 m deep is significant (H= 6.24, gl= 2.51, p= 0.04). In Bajo Rojo only solitary ascidians were found with an average density ten times lower than other sites. These differences could be related to lower substratum availability due to the stronger competition with brown algae which covers most of the sea bottom at Bajo Rojo and/or the higher environmental stability of the hard bottom communities that are usually found on the edges of the higher part of the bay, greatly exposed to oceanic waters and away from impacts that sediments from the Cuajiniquil river could be producing in the middle part of the bay.
Descripción
Palabras clave
DISTRIBUTION, BAHÍA CUAJINIQUIL, ASCIDAE, ECOSISTEMAS, CONSERVACIÓN, ECOSYSTEMS, PACÍFICO, COSTA RICA