Cambios en la superficie sembrada de palma aceitera en el cantón de Osa, Puntarenas. Período 2014-2018
Fecha
2020-06-29
Autores
Salas Gonzáles, Denis Mauricio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El cultivo de palma aceitera muestra un acelerado crecimiento a nivel mundial. Según datos oficiales, solo en la región latinoamericana se evidencia un crecimiento del 150,8% en el área cultivada de palma de aceite al pasar de 443 000 hectáreas en 2001 a 1 111 000 hectáreas sembradas en 2014, de las cuales 818 000 se encontraban en etapa productiva aportando cerca del 6% del aceite de palma producido en el mundo (González, 2016). Estas plantaciones han impactado los paisajes tropicales por la disminución de la vegetación natural, pastos o por el reemplazo de otros cultivos. La expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite aumentó en Costa Rica y de acuerdo con la tendencia de los últimos años, seguirá en aumento. En los últimos años se han realizado censos y encuestas agropecuarias que muestran el crecimiento general, pero no detallan las áreas geográficas donde se da ese crecimiento y el consecuente impacto a la dinámica natural de las áreas cultivadas, información clave para los procesos de ordenamiento territorial regional y local que tenemos en el país. Por tal motivo, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: analizar el cambio en la superficie sembrada con palma aceitera en el cantón de Osa, provincia de Puntarenas en el periodo 2014-2018 y evaluar la expansión del cultivo de palma aceitera en los distritos del cantón. Para esto, se analizaron datos de instituciones gubernamentales y se identificaron y digitalizaron las plantaciones de palma aceitera de los seis distritos del cantón de Osa.
Oil palm cultivation is experiencing rapid growth worldwide. According to official data, Latin America alone saw a 150.8% increase in the area planted with oil palm, increasing from 443,000 hectares in 2001 to 1,111,000 hectares planted in 2014, of which 818,000 were in the productive stage, providing nearly 6% of the palm oil produced worldwide (González, 2016). These plantations have impacted tropical landscapes due to the decline of natural vegetation and pastures, or the replacement of other crops. The expansion of oil palm cultivation has increased in Costa Rica and, in line with the trend of recent years, will continue to increase. Agricultural censuses and surveys have been conducted in recent years. Peculiarities that show the overall growth, but do not detail the geographic areas where this growth is occurring, and the resulting impact on the natural dynamics of the cultivated areas, are key information for the regional and local land use planning processes we have in the country. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to analyze the change in the area planted with oil palm in the canton of Osa, Puntarenas province, during the period 2014-2018 and to evaluate the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the canton's districts. To this end, data from government institutions were analyzed, and oil palm plantations in the six districts of the canton of Osa were identified and digitized.
Oil palm cultivation is experiencing rapid growth worldwide. According to official data, Latin America alone saw a 150.8% increase in the area planted with oil palm, increasing from 443,000 hectares in 2001 to 1,111,000 hectares planted in 2014, of which 818,000 were in the productive stage, providing nearly 6% of the palm oil produced worldwide (González, 2016). These plantations have impacted tropical landscapes due to the decline of natural vegetation and pastures, or the replacement of other crops. The expansion of oil palm cultivation has increased in Costa Rica and, in line with the trend of recent years, will continue to increase. Agricultural censuses and surveys have been conducted in recent years. Peculiarities that show the overall growth, but do not detail the geographic areas where this growth is occurring, and the resulting impact on the natural dynamics of the cultivated areas, are key information for the regional and local land use planning processes we have in the country. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to analyze the change in the area planted with oil palm in the canton of Osa, Puntarenas province, during the period 2014-2018 and to evaluate the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the canton's districts. To this end, data from government institutions were analyzed, and oil palm plantations in the six districts of the canton of Osa were identified and digitized.
Descripción
Parte del Programa: Fortalecimiento del Área de Diagnóstico para el soporte de las actividades permanentes del IRET SIA 0043-17
Palabras clave
PALMA ACEITERA, ZONA SUR, AGRICULTURA, PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA, RECURSOS NATURALES, OIL PALM, SOUTH AREA, AGRICULTURA, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, NATURAL RESOURCES