Cooperación internacional japonesa y su aporte al desarrollo humano local en el área de conservación Tortuguero (ACTo) caso del proyecto: Manejo Participativo en la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (MAPCOBIO) implementado por la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional Japonesa (JICA).
Fecha
2020-01
Autores
Barrantes Barrantes, Fiorella
Fernández Ramírez, Estefanía
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente Trabajo Final de Graduación tiene como objeto analizar los aportes generados
durante el periodo comprendido entre el 2008 y 2018 por la cooperación de la Agencia de
Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA) en el desarrollo humano local de algunas
localidades pertenecientes al Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Barra del Colorado,
ubicado en el distrito Colorado del cantón Pococí, y en el distrito Llanuras del Gaspar del
cantón Sarapiquí, durante los últimos 10 años; con la finalidad de identificar los beneficios
del proyecto Manejo Participativo para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (MAPCOBIO)
desde la perspectiva de las comunidades participantes.
Se incluye el análisis de dos variables: cooperación internacional y desarrollo humano
local, donde se parte de que estos conceptos fortalecen las capacidades organizativas y
productivas en las personas beneficiadas mediante procesos participativos y con ello, se
logre mejorar sus condiciones de vida, alcanzando un desarrollo humano pleno.
Además, se analiza la relación existente entre los procesos de cooperación internacional y
su abordaje en comunidades de bajo índice de desarrollo social (IDS); donde uno de sus
factores que lo componen, es la participación local.
Por lo que en el estudio, se identifican los principales aportes que realiza JICA en la
promoción de la participación para la conservación, mediante cooperación técnica
principalmente, en el Área de Conservación Tortuguero (ACTo) del Sistema Nacional de
Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), como instancia ejecutora del proyecto para el
fortalecimiento de las capacidades instaladas a nivel de sus habitantes, organizaciones
locales, instituciones y el personal del ACTo.
De igual forma, se describe el proceso de cooperación internacional en esta Área, y en
específico las etapas de ejecución y evaluación del proyecto MAPCOBIO. Además, se
realiza una caracterización de las asociaciones de productores y productoras de ASOLIVI y
ASOPRO, con sus principales características organizativas, productivas y vivenciales; ya
que ambas se consideran producto del proyecto debido a que surgen en el contexto de la
ejecución de MAPCOBIO y por ello, son ejemplo de la experiencia de manejo participativo
en el RNVS BC.
El estudio muestra, los resultados obtenidos en los grupos focales desarrollados en las
comunidades, así como la opinión de los funcionarios partícipes del proceso apoyado por
JICA a través de la realización de entrevistas; donde se resalta la necesidad de implementar
métodos realmente participativos que permitan a las personas participantes ser el principal
actor durante todo el proceso.
Algunas de las conclusiones que se consideran en aspectos organizativos, comunales y
ambientales, se encuentra que la participación de los actores locales en proyectos de
cooperación, debe ser activa durante todo el proceso para el fortalecimiento del músculo
organizacional en los territorios y se generen las capacidades necesarias para la
sostenibilidad de los procesos.
Asimismo, permitió reflexionar sobre otras posibles formas de hacer cooperación, donde no
solo prevalezca la trasmisión de conocimiento, sino que los actores locales sean
conscientes de su propio potencial como propulsores de cambio para mejorar su realidad
territorial.
La investigación propone una serie de recomendaciones para futuros proyectos de
cooperación, basados en cinco ejes estratégicos: participación local real y activa,
coordinación interinstitucional, abordaje horizontal comunidad-institucionalidad,
fortalecimiento organizacional comunitario y, monitoreo y seguimiento.
The purpose of this Final Graduation Project is to analyze the contributions generated during the period between 2008 and 2018 by the cooperation of the Agency for Japan International Cooperation (JICA) in the local human development of some localities belonging to the Barra del Colorado National Wildlife Refuge, located in the Colorado district of Pococí canton, and in the Llanuras del Gaspar district of Sarapiquí canton, during the last 10 years; in order to identify the benefits of the Participatory Management for the Conservation of Biodiversity (MAPCOBIO) project from the perspective of the participating communities. The analysis of two variables is included: international cooperation and human development local, where it is assumed that these concepts strengthen the organizational and productive in the people benefited through participatory processes and with this, manage to improve their living conditions, achieving full human development. In addition, the relationship between international cooperation processes and its approach in communities with a low social development index (IDS); where one of your factors that compose it, is local participation. Therefore, the study identifies the main contributions made by JICA in the promotion of participation for conservation, through technical cooperation mainly in the Tortuguero Conservation Area (ACTo) of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), as the executing agency of the project for the strengthening of installed capacities at the level of its inhabitants, organizations premises, institutions and ACTo staff. Similarly, the international cooperation process in this Area is described, and in specific the stages of execution and evaluation of the MAPCOBIO project. Also I know performs a characterization of the associations of producers and producers of ASOLIVI and ASOPRO, with its main organizational, productive and experiential characteristics; already that both are considered a product of the project because they arise in the context of the execution of MAPCOBIO and therefore, are an example of the experience of participatory management in the RNVS BC. The study shows, the results obtained in the focus groups developed in the communities, as well as the opinion of the officials participating in the process supported by JICA through interviews; where the need to implement truly participatory methods that allow the participants to be the main actor throughout the process. Some of the conclusions that are considered in organizational, communal and environmental, it is found that the participation of local actors in cooperation, must be active throughout the muscle strengthening process organizational structure in the territories and the necessary capacities are generated for sustainability of the processes. Likewise, it allowed us to reflect on other possible ways of cooperating, where only the transmission of knowledge prevails, but local actors are aware of their own potential as drivers of change to improve their reality territorial. The research proposes a series of recommendations for future research projects. cooperation, based on five strategic axes: real and active local participation, inter-institutional coordination, horizontal community-institutional approach, community organizational strengthening and monitoring and follow-up.
The purpose of this Final Graduation Project is to analyze the contributions generated during the period between 2008 and 2018 by the cooperation of the Agency for Japan International Cooperation (JICA) in the local human development of some localities belonging to the Barra del Colorado National Wildlife Refuge, located in the Colorado district of Pococí canton, and in the Llanuras del Gaspar district of Sarapiquí canton, during the last 10 years; in order to identify the benefits of the Participatory Management for the Conservation of Biodiversity (MAPCOBIO) project from the perspective of the participating communities. The analysis of two variables is included: international cooperation and human development local, where it is assumed that these concepts strengthen the organizational and productive in the people benefited through participatory processes and with this, manage to improve their living conditions, achieving full human development. In addition, the relationship between international cooperation processes and its approach in communities with a low social development index (IDS); where one of your factors that compose it, is local participation. Therefore, the study identifies the main contributions made by JICA in the promotion of participation for conservation, through technical cooperation mainly in the Tortuguero Conservation Area (ACTo) of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), as the executing agency of the project for the strengthening of installed capacities at the level of its inhabitants, organizations premises, institutions and ACTo staff. Similarly, the international cooperation process in this Area is described, and in specific the stages of execution and evaluation of the MAPCOBIO project. Also I know performs a characterization of the associations of producers and producers of ASOLIVI and ASOPRO, with its main organizational, productive and experiential characteristics; already that both are considered a product of the project because they arise in the context of the execution of MAPCOBIO and therefore, are an example of the experience of participatory management in the RNVS BC. The study shows, the results obtained in the focus groups developed in the communities, as well as the opinion of the officials participating in the process supported by JICA through interviews; where the need to implement truly participatory methods that allow the participants to be the main actor throughout the process. Some of the conclusions that are considered in organizational, communal and environmental, it is found that the participation of local actors in cooperation, must be active throughout the muscle strengthening process organizational structure in the territories and the necessary capacities are generated for sustainability of the processes. Likewise, it allowed us to reflect on other possible ways of cooperating, where only the transmission of knowledge prevails, but local actors are aware of their own potential as drivers of change to improve their reality territorial. The research proposes a series of recommendations for future research projects. cooperation, based on five strategic axes: real and active local participation, inter-institutional coordination, horizontal community-institutional approach, community organizational strengthening and monitoring and follow-up.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, BIODIVERSIDAD, BIODIVERSITY, CALIDAD DE VIDA, QUALITY OF LIFE, PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION