Acceso al crédito disponible en las entidades financieras para las microempresas del Cantón de Barva de Heredia
Fecha
2008
Autores
Barberena Morera, Tony
Carballo Arguedas, Johnnatan
Valverde Venegas, Yahaira
Villalobos Alcázar, Stephanie
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La empresa que es exitosa actualmente se debe a que es ágil, innovadora, mantiene un estrecho contacto con el cliente y reacciona con rapidez ante el mercado, éstas son unas de las principales características con que cuentan las microempresas. La generación de nuevas fuentes de empleo, su importante contribución a la producción de un país, así como su creciente participación en el producto interno bruto (PIB), son algunos de los derivados de mayor relevancia que generan las microempresas con el simple hecho de funcionar en un determinado contexto. Las microempresas son una forma de organización social y económica, cuya actividad productiva de bienes y servicios se realiza en una escala reducida para un mercado abierto y específico. Asimismo, poseen regularidad y continuidad básicas en sus operaciones, no hay separación entre la propiedad de los medios de producción, gerencia o administración. La organización de éstas se puede conceptualizar mediante una estructura sencilla, basada en procesos de administración no formalizados que, en su mayor parte, son asumidos por los propietarios de las empresas. El hecho de que estos centros productivos presenten una organización sencilla ofrece una mayor flexibilidad que las estructuras de las grandes empresas ante cambios exógenos. Esto les permite reaccionar con más rapidez ante variaciones en el entorno. Dichas afirmaciones adquieren un valor incalculable en contextos socioeconómicos como el nuestro, debido a que la mayor parte del parque empresarial costarricense está conformado por micro y pequeñas empresas, sin embargo, es poco lo que se sabe de ellas, y menor aún es el esfuerzo que la institucionalidad financiera realiza por apoyar el desarrollo de este relevante sector de la economía. El tema del financiamiento a las micro y pequeñas empresas siempre atrae la atención de importantes sectores de la sociedad y aunque no es el único, se percibe como un mecanismo fundamental para atenuar las limitaciones competitivas a que se enfrentan empresas y grupos de productores de menor envergadura y recursos, los cuales por diversas circunstancias, no logran convertirse en sujetos de crédito en la banca comercial. En muchas regiones del mundo, en especial en Costa Rica, el crédito se ha convertido en el mecanismo más solicitado por los emprendedores a la hora de la financiación de sus iniciativas empresariales. Pero este mecanismo no está al alcance de los nuevos empresarios, especialmente porque no son sujetos de crédito.
The company that is currently successful is due to the fact that it is agile, innovative, maintains close contact with the client and reacts quickly to the market. These are some of the main characteristics that micro-enterprises have. The generation of new sources of employment, its important contribution to the production of a country, as well as its growing participation in the gross domestic product (GDP), are some of the most relevant derivatives that micro-enterprises generate simply by operating in a certain context. Micro-enterprises are a form of social and economic organization, whose productive activity of goods and services is carried out on a reduced scale for an open and specific market. Likewise, they have basic regularity and continuity in their operations, there is no separation between the ownership of the means of production, management or administration. The organization of these can be conceptualized through a simple structure, based on non-formalized administration processes that, for the most part, are assumed by the owners of the companies. The fact that these productive centers have a simple organization offers greater flexibility than the structures of large companies in the face of exogenous changes. This allows them to react more quickly to changes in the environment. These statements acquire an invaluable value in socioeconomic contexts such as ours, because the majority of the Costa Rican business park is made up of micro and small businesses, however, little is known about them, and even less is the effort that the financial institutions make to support the development of this important sector of the economy. The issue of financing for micro and small businesses always attracts the attention of important sectors of society and although it is not the only one, it is perceived as a fundamental mechanism to mitigate the competitive limitations faced by companies and groups of producers of smaller size and resources, which for various reasons, do not manage to become credit subjects in commercial banking. In many regions of the world, especially in Costa Rica, credit has become the most requested mechanism by entrepreneurs when it comes to financing their business initiatives. But this mechanism is not available to new entrepreneurs, especially because they are not credit subjects.
The company that is currently successful is due to the fact that it is agile, innovative, maintains close contact with the client and reacts quickly to the market. These are some of the main characteristics that micro-enterprises have. The generation of new sources of employment, its important contribution to the production of a country, as well as its growing participation in the gross domestic product (GDP), are some of the most relevant derivatives that micro-enterprises generate simply by operating in a certain context. Micro-enterprises are a form of social and economic organization, whose productive activity of goods and services is carried out on a reduced scale for an open and specific market. Likewise, they have basic regularity and continuity in their operations, there is no separation between the ownership of the means of production, management or administration. The organization of these can be conceptualized through a simple structure, based on non-formalized administration processes that, for the most part, are assumed by the owners of the companies. The fact that these productive centers have a simple organization offers greater flexibility than the structures of large companies in the face of exogenous changes. This allows them to react more quickly to changes in the environment. These statements acquire an invaluable value in socioeconomic contexts such as ours, because the majority of the Costa Rican business park is made up of micro and small businesses, however, little is known about them, and even less is the effort that the financial institutions make to support the development of this important sector of the economy. The issue of financing for micro and small businesses always attracts the attention of important sectors of society and although it is not the only one, it is perceived as a fundamental mechanism to mitigate the competitive limitations faced by companies and groups of producers of smaller size and resources, which for various reasons, do not manage to become credit subjects in commercial banking. In many regions of the world, especially in Costa Rica, credit has become the most requested mechanism by entrepreneurs when it comes to financing their business initiatives. But this mechanism is not available to new entrepreneurs, especially because they are not credit subjects.
Descripción
Presentado ante el Instituto de Estudios del Trabajo (IESTRA)
Palabras clave
PYMES, SMEs, CRÉDITO, CREDIT, MICROEMPRESAS, MICROENTERPRISES, INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANZAS, FINANCES