"Propuesta de sistema de alerta temprana ante inundaciones para reducir el impacto socioambiental originado por el río Las Palmas en el barrio El Bambú, Filadelfia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica"
Fecha
2024-02
Autores
Matamoros Montoya, Fernando
Zeledón Pizarro, David
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Campus Liberia
Resumen
El presente estudio toma lugar en el barrio El Bambú perteneciente al distrito de Filadelfia,
el cual está dentro del cantón de Carrillo, Guanacaste. El área del proyecto se encuentra
específicamente dentro de la subcuenca del río Las Palmas y se encuentra bajo la gestión de la
Municipalidad de Carrillo, el cual es el principal promotor de este proyecto. Este trabajo nace como
petición de la Municipalidad de Carrillo, con el objetivo de establecer un sistema de alerta temprana
ante inundaciones. Esto debido a que el Barrio Bambú se encuentra expuesto y vulnerable a eventos
de inundación por dos motivos importantes, el primero de ellos es por su cercanía al río Las Palmas
y el segundo es porque el terreno no era apto para construcción de viviendas.
Para elaborar la propuesta del sistema de alerta temprana se requirieron bases de estaciones
meteorológicas cercanas a la subcuenca, además de registros históricos de fenómenos de inundación
asociados a eventos de precipitación extrema. Para lograr lo anterior, se establecieron cinco objetivos
clave para el desarrollo del proyecto; caracterización de la subcuenca, categorización de eventos
anteriores de precipitación extrema para estimar el umbral de inundación; Integrar hietogramas con
diferentes periodos de retorno; simulación de hidrogramas; y, por último, elaborar una propuesta de
sistema de alerta temprana.
Los resultados obtenidos permitieron formar las bases para un sistema de alerta temprana
consolidado en el Barrio Bambú, más sin embargo se requieren de otros estudios técnicos para ampliar
todos los factores involucrados en una inundación. Esto debido a que existieron limitaciones tanto de
información, como de tiempo, ya que el proyecto duró un año en su desarrollo. Por ello, es
recomendado seguir monitoreando y registrando los fenómenos naturales que desencadenan
inundaciones con la presencia de elevadas precipitaciones, que en este caso están contempladas en
los rangos generados por este trabajo.
The present study takes place in the Bambú neighborhood belonging to the district of Philadelphia, which is within the canton of Carrillo, Guanacaste. The project area is specifically located within the Las Palmas River sub-basin and is under the management of the Municipality of Carrillo, which is the main promoter of this project. Since this work was born as a request from the Municipality of Carrillo, with the objective of establishing an early warning system for floods. This is because the Bambú neighborhood is exposed and vulnerable to flooding events for two important reasons, the first of which is due to its proximity to the Las Palmas River and the second is because the land was not suitable for housing construction. To prepare the proposal for the alert system, databases of meteorological stations close to the subbasin were required, in addition to historical records of flood phenomena associated with extreme precipitation events. To achieve the above, objectives were established for the development of the project; subbasin characterization, categorization of previous extreme precipitation events to estimate flood threshold; integrate hietograms with different return periods; hydrograph simulation; and finally, the proposal for an alert system. The results obtained allow us to form the basis for a consolidated alert system in the Bambú neighborhood, however, other technical studies are required to expand all the factors involved in a flood. This is because there were limitations in both information and time, since the project lasted a year in its development. Therefore, it is recommended to continue monitoring and recording the natural phenomena that trigger floods with the presence of high rainfall, which in this case are contemplated in the ranges generated by this work.
The present study takes place in the Bambú neighborhood belonging to the district of Philadelphia, which is within the canton of Carrillo, Guanacaste. The project area is specifically located within the Las Palmas River sub-basin and is under the management of the Municipality of Carrillo, which is the main promoter of this project. Since this work was born as a request from the Municipality of Carrillo, with the objective of establishing an early warning system for floods. This is because the Bambú neighborhood is exposed and vulnerable to flooding events for two important reasons, the first of which is due to its proximity to the Las Palmas River and the second is because the land was not suitable for housing construction. To prepare the proposal for the alert system, databases of meteorological stations close to the subbasin were required, in addition to historical records of flood phenomena associated with extreme precipitation events. To achieve the above, objectives were established for the development of the project; subbasin characterization, categorization of previous extreme precipitation events to estimate flood threshold; integrate hietograms with different return periods; hydrograph simulation; and finally, the proposal for an alert system. The results obtained allow us to form the basis for a consolidated alert system in the Bambú neighborhood, however, other technical studies are required to expand all the factors involved in a flood. This is because there were limitations in both information and time, since the project lasted a year in its development. Therefore, it is recommended to continue monitoring and recording the natural phenomena that trigger floods with the presence of high rainfall, which in this case are contemplated in the ranges generated by this work.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, CLIMATOLOGIA, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, SUELO, INUNDACIONES, IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, BAMBU (BARRIO), FILADELFIA (DISTRITO), GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, SOIL, FLOODING, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT