Diagnóstico del acueducto para la propuesta de plan de seguridad del agua (PSA) de la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto y Alcantarillado (ASADA) de Paraíso, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2022
Autores
Cabalceta Gutiérrez, Tamara
Flores Matarrita, Nathalie María
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El proyecto se fundamenta en la elaboración del diagnóstico del acueducto para la Propuesta de Plan de Seguridad del Agua (PSA) de la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto y Alcantarillado (ASADA) de Paraíso, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Los Planes de Seguridad del Agua (PSA) son una herramienta que se utiliza con el fin de garantizar que el sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable sea seguro, aplicando un planteamiento integral en la detección y evaluación de riesgos. El diagnóstico y evaluación de riesgos se representa como resultado de un plan operacional el cual evalúa desde la cuenca hasta el usuario final del acueducto.
Según los estudios de prefactibilidad, el proyecto es viable desde la perspectiva legal, ambiental, económica-financiera, social y técnico. En relación con lo antes mencionado, se propone un tipo de investigación descriptiva, la cual permite especificar características en cuanto a infraestructura, servicio y calidad de agua del acueducto de la ASADA Paraíso como método para identificar los peligros y puntos críticos de control y generar finalmente el plan operacional.
La metodología se divide en cuatro fases: preparación, diagnóstico, matriz de riesgos y elaboración del plan operacional. El estudio incluye variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, incluyendo la percepción social de los usuarios sobre el servicio que brinda la ASADA, así como la valoración de criterios de salud, ambiente y calidad de agua que posee, además se considera la evaluación del acueducto por medio de la matriz de riesgo.
Se consideró un periodo de seis meses para finalizar el proyecto y el tiempo se divide en las siguientes etapas: trabajo de campo, procesamiento de información y redacción y revisión del documento.
De acuerdo con la metodología establecida se concretó la preparación mediante el grupo de trabajo del PSA, se diagnosticó la infraestructura de la ASADA correspondiente a los tres sectores establecidos mediante las guías SERSA e inspecciones de campo, así como la aplicación de la matriz de riesgos para generar el plan operacional. En la ejecución del proyecto fueron encontrados aspectos relacionados a la legislación, recarga acuífera, la relación en el Plan de Seguridad del Agua y la Gestión Integrada de Riesgos en ASADAS, la importancia del formato del PSA y se destaca la vulnerabilidad a intrusión salina.
The project is based on the elaboration of the aqueduct diagnosis for the Water Safety Plan Proposal (PSA) of the Aqueduct and Sewer Management Association (ASADA) of Paraíso, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The Water Safety Plans (PSA) are a tool used to ensure that the drinking water supply system is safe, applying a comprehensive approach to the detection and assessment of risks. The diagnosis and risk assessment is represented as the result of an operational plan which assesses from the basin to the end user of the aqueduct. According to the pre-feasibility studies, the project is viable from a legal, environmental, economic-financial, social, and technical perspective. In relation to the, a type of descriptive research is proposed, which allows specifying characteristics in terms of infrastructure, service, and water quality of the ASADA Paraíso aqueduct as a method to identify hazards and critical control points and finally generate the operational plan. The methodology is divided into four phases: preparation, diagnosis, risk matrix and development of the operational plan. The study includes qualitative and quantitative variables, including the social perception of users about the service provided by the ASADA as well as the assessment of health, environmental and water quality criteria, in addition, the assessment of the aqueduct is considered through the risk matrix. A period of six months was considered to complete the project and the time is divided into the following stages: field work, information processing, and document writing and review. In accordance with the established methodology, the ASADA's infrastructure was diagnosed for the three established sectors through SERSA guides and field inspections, as well as the application of the risk matrix to generate the operational plan. During the execution of the project, findings related to legislation, aquifer recharge, the relationship between the Water Security Plan and Integrated Risk Management in ASADAS, the importance of the PSA format and the vulnerability to saline intrusion were found.
The project is based on the elaboration of the aqueduct diagnosis for the Water Safety Plan Proposal (PSA) of the Aqueduct and Sewer Management Association (ASADA) of Paraíso, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The Water Safety Plans (PSA) are a tool used to ensure that the drinking water supply system is safe, applying a comprehensive approach to the detection and assessment of risks. The diagnosis and risk assessment is represented as the result of an operational plan which assesses from the basin to the end user of the aqueduct. According to the pre-feasibility studies, the project is viable from a legal, environmental, economic-financial, social, and technical perspective. In relation to the, a type of descriptive research is proposed, which allows specifying characteristics in terms of infrastructure, service, and water quality of the ASADA Paraíso aqueduct as a method to identify hazards and critical control points and finally generate the operational plan. The methodology is divided into four phases: preparation, diagnosis, risk matrix and development of the operational plan. The study includes qualitative and quantitative variables, including the social perception of users about the service provided by the ASADA as well as the assessment of health, environmental and water quality criteria, in addition, the assessment of the aqueduct is considered through the risk matrix. A period of six months was considered to complete the project and the time is divided into the following stages: field work, information processing, and document writing and review. In accordance with the established methodology, the ASADA's infrastructure was diagnosed for the three established sectors through SERSA guides and field inspections, as well as the application of the risk matrix to generate the operational plan. During the execution of the project, findings related to legislation, aquifer recharge, the relationship between the Water Security Plan and Integrated Risk Management in ASADAS, the importance of the PSA format and the vulnerability to saline intrusion were found.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, ACUEDUCTOS, ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA, SEGURIDAD, AGUA POTABLE, ASADAS, PARAISO (SANTA CRUZ), SANTA CRUZ (GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA, HYDROLOGY, WATER SUPPLY, SAFETY, DRINKING WATER