Relaciones entre las concepciones de sexualidad y de educación sexual de las personas docentes, con la mediación pedagógica utilizada para el abordaje del Programa de Estudio de Educación para la afectividad y sexualidad integral del III Ciclo en dos colegios de Heredia
Fecha
2021
Autores
Alfaro Arias, Natalia
Bogantes Sánchez, Joseline
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La sexualidad es un elemento inherente a todas las personas, se constituyen y transforman en la cotidianidad de cada ser, en donde factores sociales; espirituales, psicológicos, afectivos, culturales, fisiológicos, éticos, morales, entre otros, coexisten en la vivencia del ser humano. Por consiguiente, las concepciones de sexualidad y educación sexual se forjan en el diario vivir y de manera diversa, adquiriendo un rol protagónico en el actuar de las personas, incluyendo a docentes. Por esto, en la presente investigación se analizó las relaciones entre las concepciones de sexualidad y de educación sexual de las personas docentes, con la mediación pedagógica utilizada para el abordaje del Programa de Estudio de Educación para la Afectividad y Sexualidad Integral de III Ciclo, para el reconocimiento de su posible aporte en la potenciación de las habilidades de resolución de problemas y manejo de la información del estudiantado de noveno año de dos colegios de Heredia. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica donde se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes y docentes, la construcción de historias de vida por parte de docentes, observación a las lecciones de sexualidad y análisis de casos por el estudiantado, para la recolección de información. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, se evidenció que, en las concepciones de sexualidad y educación sexual del colectivo docente, la familia, pares y amigos son referentes importantes de estas. Consecuentemente, en las concepciones docentes sobresalen nociones conservadoras y sesgadas de la sexualidad, que la asocian con mitos, prejuicios y riesgos para la integridad de las personas. Por consiguiente, son los modelos educativos de riesgos y moral los mayormente manifestados por las personas docentes participantes en la investigación. Al mismo tiempo, se destacó que los procesos de mediación pedagógica utilizados por el personal docente, fueron los mismos procesos utilizados en ambos centros educativos, siendo estos: compartir experiencias (estrategias), mesa redonda (técnicas) y trabajo en grupos (métodos), lo cual denota la poca diversificación de los procesos de mediación pedagógica utilizados, ya que, se parte de las experiencias o concepciones del personal docente, lo cual implica la ausencia de contextualización en cuanto a las necesidades del estudiantado y los temas por desarrollar. Asimismo, se encontró relación entre las concepciones del grupo docente y su mediación pedagógica en sexualidad, pues docentes y estudiantes comparten en su mayoría, percepciones similares con respecto a la educación sexual y sexualidad; visualizando los procesos educativos en sexualidad como medios para la prevención de consecuencias negativas asociadas a actividades sexuales, y la sexualidad como parte multifactorial de sus vidas que intercede en su ser y actuar, que se manifiesta de diferentes maneras. Finalmente, los procesos de mediación pedagógica implementados por el cuerpo docente no han generado aportes significativos en la potenciación de habilidades de resolución de problemas y manejo de la información, debido a que los educandos manifestaron necesitar apoyo y orientación de especialistas en salud, cuerpo docente, familiares y amigos, para lograr enfrentarse con escenarios o casos vinculados con aspectos de afectividad y sexualidad integral.
Sexuality is an element inherent to all people, they are constituted and transformed in the daily life of each being, where social factors; Spiritual, psychological, affective, cultural, physiological, ethical, moral, among others, coexist in the experience of the human being. Consequently, the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education are forged in daily life and in a diverse way, acquiring a leading role in the actions of people, including teachers. For this reason, in this research the relationships between the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education of teachers were analyzed, with the pedagogical mediation used to approach the Study Program of Education for Affectivity and Comprehensive Sexuality of the Third Cycle, to the recognition of their possible contribution in the enhancement of problem-solving skills and information management of the ninth-year student body of two schools in Heredia. For this, a qualitative and phenomenological investigation was carried out where semi-structured interviews were applied to students and teachers, the construction of life stories by teachers, observation of the sexuality lessons and analysis of cases by the students, for the collection of information . Among the main findings, it was evidenced that, in the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education of the teaching community, the family, peers and friends are important referents of these. Consequently, conservative and biased notions of sexuality stand out in teaching conceptions, which associate it with myths, prejudices and risks to people's integrity. Consequently, it is the educational models of risks and morals that are mostly manifested by the teachers participating in the research. At the same time, it was highlighted that the pedagogical mediation processes used by the teaching staff were the same processes used in both educational centers, being these: sharing experiences (strategies), round table (techniques) and work in groups (methods), which denotes the little diversification of the pedagogical mediation processes used, since it starts from the experiences or conceptions of the teaching staff, which implies the absence of contextualization regarding the needs of the students and the topics to be developed. Likewise, a relationship was found between the conceptions of the teaching group and their pedagogical mediation in sexuality, since teachers and students mostly share similar perceptions regarding sexuality and sexuality education; visualizing the educational processes in sexuality as means for the prevention of negative consequences associated with sexual activities, and sexuality as a multifactorial part of their lives that intercedes in their being and acting, which manifests itself in different ways. Finally, the pedagogical mediation processes implemented by the teaching body have not generated significant contributions in the enhancement of problem-solving skills and information management, because the students said they need support and guidance from health specialists, teaching staff, family and friends, to be able to face scenarios or cases related to aspects of affectivity and integral sexuality.
Sexuality is an element inherent to all people, they are constituted and transformed in the daily life of each being, where social factors; Spiritual, psychological, affective, cultural, physiological, ethical, moral, among others, coexist in the experience of the human being. Consequently, the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education are forged in daily life and in a diverse way, acquiring a leading role in the actions of people, including teachers. For this reason, in this research the relationships between the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education of teachers were analyzed, with the pedagogical mediation used to approach the Study Program of Education for Affectivity and Comprehensive Sexuality of the Third Cycle, to the recognition of their possible contribution in the enhancement of problem-solving skills and information management of the ninth-year student body of two schools in Heredia. For this, a qualitative and phenomenological investigation was carried out where semi-structured interviews were applied to students and teachers, the construction of life stories by teachers, observation of the sexuality lessons and analysis of cases by the students, for the collection of information . Among the main findings, it was evidenced that, in the conceptions of sexuality and sexual education of the teaching community, the family, peers and friends are important referents of these. Consequently, conservative and biased notions of sexuality stand out in teaching conceptions, which associate it with myths, prejudices and risks to people's integrity. Consequently, it is the educational models of risks and morals that are mostly manifested by the teachers participating in the research. At the same time, it was highlighted that the pedagogical mediation processes used by the teaching staff were the same processes used in both educational centers, being these: sharing experiences (strategies), round table (techniques) and work in groups (methods), which denotes the little diversification of the pedagogical mediation processes used, since it starts from the experiences or conceptions of the teaching staff, which implies the absence of contextualization regarding the needs of the students and the topics to be developed. Likewise, a relationship was found between the conceptions of the teaching group and their pedagogical mediation in sexuality, since teachers and students mostly share similar perceptions regarding sexuality and sexuality education; visualizing the educational processes in sexuality as means for the prevention of negative consequences associated with sexual activities, and sexuality as a multifactorial part of their lives that intercedes in their being and acting, which manifests itself in different ways. Finally, the pedagogical mediation processes implemented by the teaching body have not generated significant contributions in the enhancement of problem-solving skills and information management, because the students said they need support and guidance from health specialists, teaching staff, family and friends, to be able to face scenarios or cases related to aspects of affectivity and integral sexuality.
Descripción
Alfaro, N. & Bogantes, J. (2021). Relaciones entre las concepciones de sexualidad y de educación sexual de las personas docentes con la mediación pedagógica utilizada para el abordaje del Programa de Estudio de Educación para la afectividad y sexualidad integral del III Ciclo en dos colegios de Heredia. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL, ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, ADOLESCENTES, MÉTODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, SEXUALIDAD, TEACHING METHODS, SEXUALITY