Política exterior costarricense aplicada al tratado de libre comercio entre el gobierno de la República de Costa Rica y el gobierno de la República Popular China durante el periodo 2008-2020
Fecha
2021-11-15
Autores
Barquero González, Carlos Andrés
Cascante Fonseca, Leonardo Francisco
Moscoso Suazo, Jennifer Tatiana
Quesada Varela, Luis Diego
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Resumen
“O somos nosotros los primeros, o no lo seremos” Bruno Stagno.
La frase anterior describe muy bien el proceso para llevar a cabo uno de los acontecimientos más importantes en la historia de la Política Exterior Costarricense; el establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas con la República Popular China en el año 2008. Esta fue expresada por el ex-canciller Bruno Stagno Ugarte al Canciller de República Popular China “Li Zhaoxing” durante una reunión sostenida en Ciudad de México en el año 2006 donde participaron cancilleres centroamericanos que tenían interés en tener un acercamiento hacia China. Resulta interesante cuestionarse como una frase tan corta, pero a la vez tan cargada de significado, abrió la puerta y dio pie para establecer relaciones con un país que, en la coyuntura actual, se proyecta a ser un actor clave en le geopolítica mundial. También por el hecho de que denota un periodo en donde Costa Rica como país, se atrevió a aspirar a más y desprenderse de su habitual timidez en materia de Política Exterior. Este primer acontecimiento fue de suma importancia puesto que marcó el camino para posteriormente negociar y firmar el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre ambos países. De ello se desprende la importancia de evaluar la estrategia de Política Exterior costarricense, partiendo de los 5 ejes que la conducen, cubriendo aspectos de institucionalidad y relaciones diplomáticas, ya que comprender como se construye esta materia permite vislumbrar el camino que puede tomar el país para fortalecer la forma en que esta se lleva a cabo y si realmente responde a un interés de crecimiento como país. Para el caso específico del tratado firmado, tomando como línea base las expectativas planteadas en el estudio factibilidad, cuestionarse si la Estrategia de Política Exterior es alineadora para el cumplimiento de estas, dentro de dimensiones como comercio, inversión y Cooperación Internacional. Cabe destacar que dentro del desarrollo de este seminario, fueron muchas las fuentes consultadas, tanto para tener una línea descriptiva sólida desde el aspecto teórico, recuento de los hechos, así como para el análisis grupal sobre los avances de este acuerdo, sin embargo destaca que, uno de los tipos de fuentes más preciadas fueron las entrevistas realizadas, principalmente a actores que jugaron un rol determinante en la negociación, como el señor Oscar Arias Sánchez, presidente en ese periodo, Bruno Stagno Ugarte y Marco Vinicio Ruiz Gutiérrez, canciller y ministro de comercio exterior respectivamente en la segunda administración Arias Sánchez. Todos ellos actores en la primera línea que con sus valiosos aportes se pudo comprender el porqué de esta importante decisión de encausar a buen término nuestras relaciones con China. Además, se cuenta con la preciada participación de técnicos y académicos en áreas de interés para el análisis pertinente que ha hecho posible obtener los resultados expresados en este documento. En síntesis, el presente documento pretende ser un aporte a una discusión que debería estar tomando lugar en las esferas de la alta política costarricense, y es el hecho de como país debemos cuestionarnos el rumbo que queremos seguir y que es lo más beneficioso para la nación, el ascenso chino hace replantearse si viejos esquemas y paradigmas siguen siendo funcionales para afrontar los desafíos del mundo moderno y Costa Rica no puede permitirse el lujo de ignorar esta realidad.
“Either we are the first, or we will not be” Bruno Stagno. The above phrase describes very well the process to carry out one of the most important events in the history of Costa Rican Foreign Policy; the establishment of Diplomatic Relations with the People's Republic of China in 2008. This was expressed by former Foreign Minister Bruno Stagno Ugarte to the Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China “Li Zhaoxing” during a meeting held in Mexico City in 2006 where Central American Foreign Ministers who were interested in having a rapprochement with China participated. It is interesting to question how such a short phrase, but at the same time so loaded with meaning, opened the door and gave rise to establish relations with a country that, at the current juncture, is projected to be a key player in world geopolitics. Also for the fact that it denotes a period in which Costa Rica as a country dared to aspire to more and shed its usual shyness in terms of foreign policy. This first event was of utmost importance since it paved the way for the subsequent negotiation and signing of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries. From this, the importance of evaluating the Costa Rican Foreign Policy strategy, starting from the 5 axes that lead it, covering aspects of institutionalism and diplomatic relations, is clear, since understanding how this matter is constructed allows to glimpse the path that the country can take to strengthen the way in which it is carried out and if it really responds to an interest of growth as a country. In the specific case of the signed treaty, taking as a baseline the expectations raised in the feasibility study, the question of whether the Foreign Policy Strategy is aligned to the fulfillment of these expectations, within dimensions such as trade, investment and International Cooperation. It should be noted that during the development of this seminar, many sources were consulted, both for a solid descriptive line from the theoretical aspect, recounting the facts, as well as for the group analysis on the progress of this agreement, however, one of the most valuable sources were the interviews conducted, mainly to actors who played a determining role in the negotiation, such as Mr. Oscar Arias Sánchez, president during that period, Bruno Stagno Ugarte and Marco Vinicio Ruiz Gutiérrez, foreign minister and minister of foreign trade respectively in the second Arias Sánchez administration. All of them were frontline actors whose valuable contributions helped us understand the reason for this important decision to channel our relations with China to a successful conclusion. In addition, we have the valuable participation of technicians and academics in areas of interest for the relevant analysis that has made it possible to obtain the results expressed in this document. In summary, this document aims to be a contribution to a discussion that should be taking place in the spheres of Costa Rican high politics, and that is the fact that as a country we must question the direction we want to follow and what is most beneficial for the nation, the rise of China makes us rethink whether old schemes and paradigms are still functional to meet the challenges of the modern world and Costa Rica cannot afford to ignore this reality.
“Either we are the first, or we will not be” Bruno Stagno. The above phrase describes very well the process to carry out one of the most important events in the history of Costa Rican Foreign Policy; the establishment of Diplomatic Relations with the People's Republic of China in 2008. This was expressed by former Foreign Minister Bruno Stagno Ugarte to the Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China “Li Zhaoxing” during a meeting held in Mexico City in 2006 where Central American Foreign Ministers who were interested in having a rapprochement with China participated. It is interesting to question how such a short phrase, but at the same time so loaded with meaning, opened the door and gave rise to establish relations with a country that, at the current juncture, is projected to be a key player in world geopolitics. Also for the fact that it denotes a period in which Costa Rica as a country dared to aspire to more and shed its usual shyness in terms of foreign policy. This first event was of utmost importance since it paved the way for the subsequent negotiation and signing of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries. From this, the importance of evaluating the Costa Rican Foreign Policy strategy, starting from the 5 axes that lead it, covering aspects of institutionalism and diplomatic relations, is clear, since understanding how this matter is constructed allows to glimpse the path that the country can take to strengthen the way in which it is carried out and if it really responds to an interest of growth as a country. In the specific case of the signed treaty, taking as a baseline the expectations raised in the feasibility study, the question of whether the Foreign Policy Strategy is aligned to the fulfillment of these expectations, within dimensions such as trade, investment and International Cooperation. It should be noted that during the development of this seminar, many sources were consulted, both for a solid descriptive line from the theoretical aspect, recounting the facts, as well as for the group analysis on the progress of this agreement, however, one of the most valuable sources were the interviews conducted, mainly to actors who played a determining role in the negotiation, such as Mr. Oscar Arias Sánchez, president during that period, Bruno Stagno Ugarte and Marco Vinicio Ruiz Gutiérrez, foreign minister and minister of foreign trade respectively in the second Arias Sánchez administration. All of them were frontline actors whose valuable contributions helped us understand the reason for this important decision to channel our relations with China to a successful conclusion. In addition, we have the valuable participation of technicians and academics in areas of interest for the relevant analysis that has made it possible to obtain the results expressed in this document. In summary, this document aims to be a contribution to a discussion that should be taking place in the spheres of Costa Rican high politics, and that is the fact that as a country we must question the direction we want to follow and what is most beneficial for the nation, the rise of China makes us rethink whether old schemes and paradigms are still functional to meet the challenges of the modern world and Costa Rica cannot afford to ignore this reality.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COOPERACÓN INTERNACIONAL, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, GEOPOLÍTICA, POLÍTICA EXTERIOR, TLC, FOREIGN POLICY, FTA, GEOPOLITICS, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE