Evaluación de algunos factores que influyen sobre la calidad físico-química y microbiológica del agua subterránea en dos localidades en el Litoral Pacífico de Costa Rica.
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Fecha
2000
Autores
Calderón Sánchez, Hazel
Madrigal Solís, Helga
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó durante el año 1999, en la zona costera de Guanacaste, en las localidades de Brasilito, Flamingo y Potrero. En el Pacífico Sur, se llevó a cabo en la zona de Puerto Jiménez y localidades aledañas. El objetivo principal fue el de evaluar la influencia de las actividades humanas sobre el agua subterránea en cada una de las regiones. Se analizó la ocurrencia del fenómeno de intrusión salina, la calidad microbiológica del agua y la composición química de la misma. En Guanacaste se tomaron muestras en 16 sitios, en cuatro ocasiones, mientras que en Puerto Jiménez, se recolectaron muestras de 17 pozos en tres ocasiones. Los muestreos se realizaron en ambas zonas aproximadamente cada tres semanas. Entre los resultados más relevantes se destaca la ocurrencia de un proceso incipiente de intrusión salina en el acuífero de Brasilito, probablemente favorecida por la extracción no controlada del agua, así como, por la construcción de pozos en sitios muy cercanos al mar. Además, la mayor parte de los pozos muestreados resultaron positivos cuando se evaluó la presencia de microorganismos indicadores de contaminación fecal. Asimismo, se encontraron en algunos pozos altas concentraciones de nitratos, superiores a los valores admisibles por las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales de salud.
The present work was carried out during 1999, in the coastal zone of Guanacaste, in the towns of Brasilito, Flamingo and Potrero. In the South Pacific, it was carried out in the area of Puerto Jiménez and surrounding towns. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of human activities on groundwater in each of the regions. The occurrence of the saline intrusion phenomenon, the microbiological quality of the water and its chemical composition were analyzed. In Guanacaste, samples were taken from 16 sites on four occasions, while in Puerto Jiménez, samples were collected from 17 wells on three occasions. The samplings were carried out in both zones approximately every three weeks. Among the most relevant results is the occurrence of an incipient process of saline intrusion in the Brasilito aquifer, probably favored by the uncontrolled extraction of water, as well as by the construction of wells in places very close to the sea. In addition, most of the wells sampled were positive when the presence of microorganisms indicating fecal contamination was evaluated. Likewise, high concentrations of nitrates were found in some wells, higher than the values allowed by national and international health organizations.
The present work was carried out during 1999, in the coastal zone of Guanacaste, in the towns of Brasilito, Flamingo and Potrero. In the South Pacific, it was carried out in the area of Puerto Jiménez and surrounding towns. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of human activities on groundwater in each of the regions. The occurrence of the saline intrusion phenomenon, the microbiological quality of the water and its chemical composition were analyzed. In Guanacaste, samples were taken from 16 sites on four occasions, while in Puerto Jiménez, samples were collected from 17 wells on three occasions. The samplings were carried out in both zones approximately every three weeks. Among the most relevant results is the occurrence of an incipient process of saline intrusion in the Brasilito aquifer, probably favored by the uncontrolled extraction of water, as well as by the construction of wells in places very close to the sea. In addition, most of the wells sampled were positive when the presence of microorganisms indicating fecal contamination was evaluated. Likewise, high concentrations of nitrates were found in some wells, higher than the values allowed by national and international health organizations.
Descripción
Calderón Sánchez, H. & Madrigal Solís, H. (2000). Evaluación de algunos factores que influyen sobre la calidad físico-química y microbiológica del agua subterránea en dos localidades en el Litoral Pacífico de Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
RECURSOS HIDRICOS, WATER RESOURCES, ANALISIS DEL AGUA, WATER ANALYSIS, CALIDAD DEL AGUA, CONTAMINACION DEL AGUA, WATER CONTAMINATION, AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS, GROUND WATERS