Proyecto para la Prevención y Capacitación en contra del Bullying en el centro educativo Mauro Fernández, 2014-2016
Fecha
2017-07
Autores
Fernández Cartín, Carolina
Solís Bolaños, Karen
Zamora Ocampo, Álvaro
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En los últimos años el bullying o matonismo se ha convertido en una problemática de interés, presente en las instituciones educativas tanto públicas como privadas de distintos países. De acuerdo con Olweus (1998) esta situación genera diversas consecuencias a nivel físico, social, emocional y académico, tanto en las “víctimas” como en los individuos que llevan a cabo las conductas violentas y en los sujetos que presencian los actos de bullying, quienes a pesar de no sufrir consecuencias físicas, se ven afectados emocionalmente. Debido a lo anterior, surge el interés por abordar la problemática del acoso escolar; situaciones de esta índole tienen lugar diariamente dentro de los centros educativos del país, afectando de diversas formas a las personas menores de edad que asisten a los mismos. A su vez, el bullying posee repercusiones a nivel general reflejándose en el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; lo que denota la interrelación existente entre todos los elementos que conforman los distintos sistemas que rodean al individuo. En muchos casos, las conductas agresivas son producto de la falta de espacios de comunicación y oportunidades para la expresión de sentimientos de manera asertiva, debido a que comúnmente las opiniones de los niños(as) son invisibilizadas por parte de los(as) docentes, padres, madres y demás personas que se encuentran a su alrededor. De acuerdo con Díaz-Aguado (2005) los niños(as) y/o adolescentes que se ven involucrados(as) en situaciones de bullying, en muchas ocasiones se caracterizan por la poca asertividad, aunado a la imposibilidad de buscar soluciones sin recurrir a la violencia; lo que demuestra la importancia de la educación y capacitación de los involucrados(as) para posibilitar la resolución de conflictos a través de la negociación y la comunicación asertiva. Lo anterior denota la relevancia de habilitar espacios que les permitan a las personas menores de edad, reconocer diferentes formas de expresarse, brindandoles la oportunidad de sentirse escuchados(as) y aceptados(as), al ofrecerles herramientas para la resolución de conflictos a través de medios distintos a la intimidación y a la agresión, tanto directa como indirecta, a la que aparentemente están acostumbrados(as).
In recent years, bullying has become a significant issue, present in both public and private educational institutions in various countries. According to Olweus (1998), this situation generates various consequences at the physical, social, emotional, and academic levels, both for the "victims" and for the individuals who carry out the violent behaviors and for the subjects who witness the acts of bullying, who, despite not suffering physical consequences, are emotionally affected. Due to the above, there has been an interest in addressing the problem of school bullying; situations of this nature occur daily within the country's educational centers, affecting minors who attend them in various ways. In turn, bullying has general repercussions reflected in the development of the teaching-learning process; which denotes the interrelationship between all the elements that make up the different systems that surround the individual. In many cases, aggressive behavior is a result of a lack of communication spaces and opportunities for assertive expression of feelings, since children's opinions are often ignored by teachers, parents, and others around them. According to Díaz-Aguado (2005), children and/or adolescents involved in bullying often exhibit a lack of assertiveness, coupled with an inability to find solutions without resorting to violence. This demonstrates the importance of education and training for those involved in order to facilitate conflict resolution through negotiation and assertive communication. The above denotes the importance of enabling spaces that allow minors to recognize different ways of expressing themselves, giving them the opportunity to feel heard and accepted, by offering them tools for conflict resolution through means other than intimidation and aggression, both direct and indirect, to which they are apparently accustomed.
In recent years, bullying has become a significant issue, present in both public and private educational institutions in various countries. According to Olweus (1998), this situation generates various consequences at the physical, social, emotional, and academic levels, both for the "victims" and for the individuals who carry out the violent behaviors and for the subjects who witness the acts of bullying, who, despite not suffering physical consequences, are emotionally affected. Due to the above, there has been an interest in addressing the problem of school bullying; situations of this nature occur daily within the country's educational centers, affecting minors who attend them in various ways. In turn, bullying has general repercussions reflected in the development of the teaching-learning process; which denotes the interrelationship between all the elements that make up the different systems that surround the individual. In many cases, aggressive behavior is a result of a lack of communication spaces and opportunities for assertive expression of feelings, since children's opinions are often ignored by teachers, parents, and others around them. According to Díaz-Aguado (2005), children and/or adolescents involved in bullying often exhibit a lack of assertiveness, coupled with an inability to find solutions without resorting to violence. This demonstrates the importance of education and training for those involved in order to facilitate conflict resolution through negotiation and assertive communication. The above denotes the importance of enabling spaces that allow minors to recognize different ways of expressing themselves, giving them the opportunity to feel heard and accepted, by offering them tools for conflict resolution through means other than intimidation and aggression, both direct and indirect, to which they are apparently accustomed.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
VIOLENCIA EN CENTROS EDUCATIVOS, SOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS, ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, ABUSO DEL NIÑO, ACOSO ESCOLAR, VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CHILD ABUSE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, BULLYING