Internacionalización de las PYMES agroindustriales y de turismo : ventajas y desventajas en la Región Chorotega, Costa Rica
Fecha
2021-07
Autores
Castro Fallas, Jean Marco
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este documento de trabajo realizó una investigación sobre la incidencia de los determinantes de
éxito, estancamiento y fracaso de las PYMES en su proceso de internacionalización, aplicado a 4
PYMES de los sectores agroindustrial y turismo de la Región Chorotega, Costa Rica. Mediante
el modelo de estudio de caso se recopiló información acerca de las percepciones de cada
determinante a través de una entrevista y archivos documentales como audio y fotografía, se
codificó y sistematizó a lo largo de 5 categorías propuestas en los aportes teóricos, a saber: Entorno
de Negocios, Arquitectura Estratégica, Estructura, Gestión e Internacionalización. Lo anterior
contextualizado bajo el escenario de la pandemia de COVID-19. Como puntos débiles se reflejó
que: no existen planes de respuesta a eventos extremos como crisis económicas, climáticas o
sanitarias; la principal barrera para el desarrollo de las PYMES es la política pública; la pandemia
y escasez de oportunidades laborales obliga a la precarización del empleo y; no existe la visión de
invertir los recursos. Los hallazgos positivos son: la importancia de un grado mínimo de educación
superior para posicionar un negocio; un bien o servicio con valor agregado, dirigido a un nicho de
mercado con pocos competidores, aunado a la capacidad de adaptación y asociatividad con otras
PYMES o empresas de mayor escala es la estrategia en común para poseer un proceso de
internacionalización exitoso; la diversificación disminuye el impacto ocasionado por una crisis;
existe la capacidad por explotar de innovar procesos utilizando pocos recursos y; que la
internacionalización sea un eje transversal en la creación de la PYME facilita considerablemente
este proceso. De manera general, los determinantes propuestos fueron correctamente replicados y
se demostró su incidencia sobre el proceso de internacionalización de las PYMES estudiadas;
además, se incluyen dos nuevos factores a ser considerados por futuras investigaciones: Imagen
Local y Generación de Valor en el Equipo de colaboradores.
This working document carried out an investigation on the incidence of the determinants of success, stagnation and failure of PYMES in their internationalization process, applied to 4 PYMES from the agro-industrial and tourism sectors of the Region Chorotega, Costa Rica. Through In the case study model, information was collected about the perceptions of each determinant through an interview and documentary files such as audio and photography, codified and systematized along 5 categories proposed in the theoretical contributions, namely: Environment of Business, Strategic Architecture, Structure, Management and Internationalization. The above contextualized under the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. As weak points was reflected that: there are no response plans to extreme events such as economic, climatic or sanitary; the main barrier to the development of PYMES is public policy; the pandemic and scarcity of job opportunities forces the precariousness of employment and; there is no vision invest resources. The positive findings are: the importance of a minimum degree of education superior to position a business; a good or service with added value, directed to a niche of market with few competitors, coupled with the ability to adapt and associate with other PYMES or larger-scale companies is the common strategy to have a process of successful internationalization; diversification reduces the impact caused by a crisis; there is the untapped capacity to innovate processes using few resources and; that internationalization is a transversal axis in the creation of PYMES considerably facilitates This process. In general, the proposed determinants were correctly replicated and its impact on the internationalization process of the PYMES studied was demonstrated; In addition, two new factors are included to be considered by future research: Image Local and Value Generation in the Team of collaborators
This working document carried out an investigation on the incidence of the determinants of success, stagnation and failure of PYMES in their internationalization process, applied to 4 PYMES from the agro-industrial and tourism sectors of the Region Chorotega, Costa Rica. Through In the case study model, information was collected about the perceptions of each determinant through an interview and documentary files such as audio and photography, codified and systematized along 5 categories proposed in the theoretical contributions, namely: Environment of Business, Strategic Architecture, Structure, Management and Internationalization. The above contextualized under the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. As weak points was reflected that: there are no response plans to extreme events such as economic, climatic or sanitary; the main barrier to the development of PYMES is public policy; the pandemic and scarcity of job opportunities forces the precariousness of employment and; there is no vision invest resources. The positive findings are: the importance of a minimum degree of education superior to position a business; a good or service with added value, directed to a niche of market with few competitors, coupled with the ability to adapt and associate with other PYMES or larger-scale companies is the common strategy to have a process of successful internationalization; diversification reduces the impact caused by a crisis; there is the untapped capacity to innovate processes using few resources and; that internationalization is a transversal axis in the creation of PYMES considerably facilitates This process. In general, the proposed determinants were correctly replicated and its impact on the internationalization process of the PYMES studied was demonstrated; In addition, two new factors are included to be considered by future research: Image Local and Value Generation in the Team of collaborators
Descripción
Tesis de maestría
Palabras clave
PYMES, PRODUCCIÓN, NEGOCIOS, REGION CHOROTEGA (COSTA RICA), COVID-19, INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN