Evaluación de la viabilidad de conidios de Trichoderma longibrachiatum microencapsulados, como estrategia para prolongar la vida útil del hongo como agente de control biológico
Fecha
2023-03
Autores
Arias Chavarría, Luis Diego
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Cossta Rica)
Resumen
Trichoderma es un género de hongos antagonistas que se ha utilizado para el control de fitopatógenos. Sin embargo, la eficacia de las formulaciones comerciales se ha visto afectada por factores bióticos y abióticos, que pueden disminuir su viabilidad, por lo que la microencapsulación con el uso de polímeros surge como mecanismo que contribuye a la protección de los conidios. En esta investigación, se desarrollaron microcápsulas de alginato de sodio (Alg) y alginato de sodio reforzado con nanocelulosa (AlgNc) y/o quitosano (AlgCh y AlgChNc), mediante el método de emulsión-gelificación interna, para encapsular los conidios de Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Se evaluó la viabilidad de los conidios microencapsulados a través de la exposición a diferentes condiciones de temperatura (ambiente, 5 y 37 oC), así como su potencial antagonista in vitro, en contra de Fusarium oxysporum. Las cuatro formulaciones evaluadas obtuvieron eficiencias de encapsulación por encima del 92% y las microcápsulas de AlgChNc fueron las únicas que mantuvieron una viabilidad del 100% a 37 oC durante 2 meses. Además, todas las formulaciones evaluadas conservaron la capacidad antagonista en contra de F. oxysporum. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de alginato, nanocelulosa y quitosano para la formulación de microcápsulas que permitan mantener la viabilidad de conidios de T. longibrachiatum en el tiempo y a diferentes condiciones de temperatura.
Trichoderma is a genus of antagonistic fungi that has been used for the control of phytopathogens. However, the efficacy of commercial formulations has been affected by biotic and abiotic factors, which can decrease their viability, so microencapsulation with the use of polymers emerges as a mechanism that contributes to the protection of conidia. In this research, microcapsules of sodium alginate (Alg) and sodium alginate reinforced with nanocellulose (AlgNc) and/or chitosan (AlgCh and AlgChNc) were developed, using the internal emulsion-gelation method, to encapsulate Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia. The viability of the microencapsulated conidia was evaluated through exposure to different temperature conditions (ambient, 5 and 37 oC), as well as their in vitro antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum. The four formulations evaluated obtained encapsulation efficiencies above 92% and the AlgChNc microcapsules were the only ones that maintained 100% viability at 37 oC for 2 months. In addition, all formulations evaluated retained antagonistic ability against F. oxysporum. These findings support the use of alginate, nanocellulose and chitosan for the formulation of microcapsules to maintain the viability of T. longibrachiatum conidia over time and at different temperature conditions.
Trichoderma is a genus of antagonistic fungi that has been used for the control of phytopathogens. However, the efficacy of commercial formulations has been affected by biotic and abiotic factors, which can decrease their viability, so microencapsulation with the use of polymers emerges as a mechanism that contributes to the protection of conidia. In this research, microcapsules of sodium alginate (Alg) and sodium alginate reinforced with nanocellulose (AlgNc) and/or chitosan (AlgCh and AlgChNc) were developed, using the internal emulsion-gelation method, to encapsulate Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia. The viability of the microencapsulated conidia was evaluated through exposure to different temperature conditions (ambient, 5 and 37 oC), as well as their in vitro antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum. The four formulations evaluated obtained encapsulation efficiencies above 92% and the AlgChNc microcapsules were the only ones that maintained 100% viability at 37 oC for 2 months. In addition, all formulations evaluated retained antagonistic ability against F. oxysporum. These findings support the use of alginate, nanocellulose and chitosan for the formulation of microcapsules to maintain the viability of T. longibrachiatum conidia over time and at different temperature conditions.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con énfasis en Agricultura Alternativa y con modalidad: artículo cientítico
Palabras clave
TRICHODERMA, HONGOS, FUNGI, QUITOSANO, HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS, PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, CONTROL DE PLAGAS, PEST CONTROL, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO, BIOLOGIC CONTROL