Análisis de la gestión vial cantonal: estudio de caso sobre la planificación vial en el casco central de la ciudad de Alajuela
Fecha
2018
Autores
González Delgado, Brillith
Mendoza Morales, María José
Meza Hernández, Dayanna
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El distrito primero como unidad territorial administrativa del cantón de Alajuela, donde se ubica la ciudad como centro de intercambio de actividades económicas financieras, públicas, habitacional, por su naturaleza y su alto valor territorial, requiere de una especial atención por parte del Gobierno municipal. Las tendencias actuales de crecimiento urbano acelerado, patrones de desarrollo desordenado, un alto congestionamiento vial, así como un sistema de movilidad inadecuados, promueven el estudio de una gran cantidad de carencias y dificultades que se presentan en la ciudad. Dentro de la gama de problemas existentes, el estudio se centró en la planificación vial: pues se considera que el adecuado ejercicio de esa potestad pública —planificar el territorio— atribuida a las municipalidades es la base para mejorar el ordenamiento de sus territorios. Por ende, este estudio se centró en un tema muy concreto: la planificación vial, su gestión y la implementación de las propuestas viales y de movilidad en el casco central de la ciudad de Alajuela. Bajo el marco definido por el objetivo general y las interrogantes, el trabajo se divide en seis capítulos que responden al desarrollo del estudio. El primero, titulado “Marco metodológico”, se subdivide en cinco secciones: justificación, problema y área de estudio, objetivos del análisis y estrategia de investigación. En esta última se detallan las técnicas y el procedimiento por medio del cual se llevó a cabo la investigación. El segundo capítulo define el marco teórico, en el que se detallan las teorías, conceptos y antecedentes que giran en torno al problema de investigación. Este capítulo permitirá al lector una mejor comprensión de los temas desarrollados y una mayor claridad sobre la normativa local y nacional en la cual se desarrolla el estudio. Como tercer capítulo se ubica el marco referencial, enfocado en la definición del espacio geográfico e institucional en el que se desarrolló la investigación. El cuarto capítulo responde al diagnóstico y detalla la situación actual del área de estudio, sus características, sus problemas (causas y efectos), su estructura vial y su movilidad actual. Así mismo, detalla la información obtenida por medio del trabajo de campo, entrevistas a personal de la Municipalidad y otras entidades, así como la consulta realizada a la población, además, de aquellos aspectos que se consideraron importantes para entender la dinámica y el contexto en el área de estudio. El quinto capítulo titulado “Análisis de resultados” se enfoca el estudio de las causas y los efectos de los problemas identificados en el diagnóstico y la aplicación del Reglamento de Espacios Públicos, Vialidad y Transporte y el Reglamento de Zonificación como parte de los instrumentos de planificación con los que cuenta la Municipalidad de Alajuela. Además, en este se establecen relaciones situacionales (causa-efecto) presente en el área de estudio. Por último, el capítulo sexto contiene la propuesta que se plantea a la Municipalidad de Alajuela. Esta se basa en la evidencia encontrada y el criterio técnico de las investigadoras, quienes buscan dar una alternativa de mejora para la implementación de las propuestas en materia de vialidad y movilidad en el distrito primero, pero que además contribuirá también a nivel del cantón. Por otra parte, cabe advertir que el trabajo es monográfico, con enfoque académico, lo que significa que se centra en una problemática concreta y no en un panorama amplio del manejo del plan regulador como instrumento de planificación urbana. Aunque se reconoce que sobre el área de estudio existe una serie de problemas urbanos, un análisis de la totalidad de problemas del cantón y la implementación total del plan regulador implica un trabajo sumamente amplio y requiere de otros recursos y tiempo; además, dada su complejidad, no puede ser desarrollado en un trabajo final de graduación como el que se está presentando.
The first district, as the administrative territorial unit of the canton of Alajuela, where the city is located as a hub for economic, financial, public, and housing activities, due to its nature and high territorial value, requires special attention from the municipal government. Current trends of accelerated urban growth, disorderly development patterns, high traffic congestion, and an inadequate mobility system, prompt the study of a large number of shortcomings and difficulties present in the city. Within the range of existing problems, the study focused on road planning, as it is considered that the proper exercise of this public authority—land planning—attributed to municipalities is the basis for improving the organization of their territories. Therefore, this study focused on a very specific topic: road planning, its management, and the implementation of road and mobility proposals in the central area of the city of Alajuela. Within the framework defined by the general objective and the questions, the work is divided into six chapters that respond to the development of the study. The first, entitled "Methodological Framework," is subdivided into five sections: justification, problem and area of study, analysis objectives, and research strategy. The latter details the techniques and procedures used to conduct the research. The second chapter defines the theoretical framework, detailing the theories, concepts, and background information surrounding the research problem. This chapter will provide the reader with a better understanding of the topics developed and greater clarity regarding the local and national regulations under which the study was conducted. The third chapter contains the reference framework, focusing on the definition of the geographic and institutional space in which the research was carried out. The fourth chapter provides the diagnostic report and details the current situation of the study area, its characteristics, problems (causes and effects), road infrastructure, and current mobility. It also details the information obtained through fieldwork, interviews with municipal staff and other entities, and public consultations. It also addresses those aspects considered important for understanding the dynamics and context of the study area. The fifth chapter, entitled "Analysis of Results," focuses on the study of the causes and effects of the problems identified in the diagnosis and application of the Public Spaces, Roads, and Transportation Regulations and the Zoning Regulations as part of the planning instruments available to the Municipality of Alajuela. It also establishes situational relationships (cause and effect) present in the study area. Finally, the sixth chapter contains the proposal presented to the Municipality of Alajuela. This proposal is based on the evidence found and the technical criteria of the researchers, who seek to provide an alternative for improving the implementation of road and mobility proposals in the first district, but which will also contribute at the cantonal level. Furthermore, it should be noted that this work is a monograph with an academic focus, which means that it focuses on a specific problem and not on a broad overview of the management of the regulatory plan as an urban planning instrument. Although it is recognized that a number of urban problems exist in the study area, an analysis of the canton's problems as a whole and the full implementation of the regulatory plan entails an extremely extensive undertaking and requires additional resources and time. Furthermore, given its complexity, it cannot be developed in a final graduation project such as the one being presented.
The first district, as the administrative territorial unit of the canton of Alajuela, where the city is located as a hub for economic, financial, public, and housing activities, due to its nature and high territorial value, requires special attention from the municipal government. Current trends of accelerated urban growth, disorderly development patterns, high traffic congestion, and an inadequate mobility system, prompt the study of a large number of shortcomings and difficulties present in the city. Within the range of existing problems, the study focused on road planning, as it is considered that the proper exercise of this public authority—land planning—attributed to municipalities is the basis for improving the organization of their territories. Therefore, this study focused on a very specific topic: road planning, its management, and the implementation of road and mobility proposals in the central area of the city of Alajuela. Within the framework defined by the general objective and the questions, the work is divided into six chapters that respond to the development of the study. The first, entitled "Methodological Framework," is subdivided into five sections: justification, problem and area of study, analysis objectives, and research strategy. The latter details the techniques and procedures used to conduct the research. The second chapter defines the theoretical framework, detailing the theories, concepts, and background information surrounding the research problem. This chapter will provide the reader with a better understanding of the topics developed and greater clarity regarding the local and national regulations under which the study was conducted. The third chapter contains the reference framework, focusing on the definition of the geographic and institutional space in which the research was carried out. The fourth chapter provides the diagnostic report and details the current situation of the study area, its characteristics, problems (causes and effects), road infrastructure, and current mobility. It also details the information obtained through fieldwork, interviews with municipal staff and other entities, and public consultations. It also addresses those aspects considered important for understanding the dynamics and context of the study area. The fifth chapter, entitled "Analysis of Results," focuses on the study of the causes and effects of the problems identified in the diagnosis and application of the Public Spaces, Roads, and Transportation Regulations and the Zoning Regulations as part of the planning instruments available to the Municipality of Alajuela. It also establishes situational relationships (cause and effect) present in the study area. Finally, the sixth chapter contains the proposal presented to the Municipality of Alajuela. This proposal is based on the evidence found and the technical criteria of the researchers, who seek to provide an alternative for improving the implementation of road and mobility proposals in the first district, but which will also contribute at the cantonal level. Furthermore, it should be noted that this work is a monograph with an academic focus, which means that it focuses on a specific problem and not on a broad overview of the management of the regulatory plan as an urban planning instrument. Although it is recognized that a number of urban problems exist in the study area, an analysis of the canton's problems as a whole and the full implementation of the regulatory plan entails an extremely extensive undertaking and requires additional resources and time. Furthermore, given its complexity, it cannot be developed in a final graduation project such as the one being presented.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA, URBAN PLANNING, TRANSPORTES TERRESTRES, LAND TRANSPORT, COMUNIDADES URBANAS, URBAN COMMUNITIES, PLANES DE DESARROLLO, DEVELOPMENT PLANS
