Presencia y genotipos del virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) en fincas de cultivo de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus oannamei) en Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
2019-08-30
Autores
Parajeles Mora, Jose Francisco
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
El virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) pertenece a
la familia Parvoviridae y causa crecimiento disminuido e irregular con presencia de
deformidades cuticulares en el rostrum y los apéndices anteriores del camarón blanco
(Litopenaeus vannamei). Aunque no se reporta una alta mortalidad, produce una reducción del
crecimiento del 10-50%, lo que provoca un menor peso de cosecha y precios de mercado. Se
han descrito tres genotipos patógenos y dos no patógenos de IHHNV (linaje 1-3 y tipos A-B,
respectivamente).
La presencia de IHHNV se diagnosticó por primera vez en Costa Rica en 2016 en una
granja mediante técnicas moleculares; sin embargo, el genotipo no fue determinado. El objetivo
del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia y genotipos de IHHNV presentes en granjas en
Costa Rica mediante el cultivo de L. vannamei. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte
transversal en 15 granjas camaroneras distribuidas en el Golfo de Nicoya y el Pacífico Central.
Entre los años 2017 y 2018 se recolectaron muestras de agua, postlarvas y camarones juveniles
durante un ciclo de producción.
Las muestras se sometieron a extracción de ADN y se analizaron mediante la técnica de
reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), utilizando distintos protocolos e iniciadores para
determinar los genotipos de IHHNV presentes en el país. El día de la recolecta de los camarones
juveniles se aplicó una encuesta a los productores para conocer sobre las condiciones de manejo
y se midieron los parámetros físico-químicos del agua del estanque. La información obtenida
mediante las encuestas y los resultados del PCR se procesaron utilizando el programa estadístico
SAS para determinar factores de riesgo.
The infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and causes reduced and irregular growth with cuticular deformities of the rostrum and the previous appendices of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Although no high mortality is reported, it produces 10-50% growth reduction, causing a lower weight and market prices. Three pathogenic and two nonpathogenic genotypes of IHHNV (lineage 1-3 and types A-B, respectively) have been described. The presence of IHHNV was diagnosed for the first time in Costa Rica in 2016 in a farm using molecular techniques; however, the genotype was not determined. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence and genotypes of IHHNV present in farms in Costa Rica by cultivating L. vannamei. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 15 shrimp farms distributed in the northern Pacific region. Between 2017 and 2018, water samples, postlarvae and juvenile shrimp were collected during a production cycle. The samples were subjected to DNA extraction and analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using different protocols and primers to determine the genotypes of IHHNV present in our country. On the day of the collection of the juvenile shrimp, a survey was applied to the producers to know about the handling conditions and the physical-chemical parameters of the pond water were measured. The information obtained through the surveys and the PCR results were processed using the SAS statistical program to determine risk factors.
The infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and causes reduced and irregular growth with cuticular deformities of the rostrum and the previous appendices of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Although no high mortality is reported, it produces 10-50% growth reduction, causing a lower weight and market prices. Three pathogenic and two nonpathogenic genotypes of IHHNV (lineage 1-3 and types A-B, respectively) have been described. The presence of IHHNV was diagnosed for the first time in Costa Rica in 2016 in a farm using molecular techniques; however, the genotype was not determined. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence and genotypes of IHHNV present in farms in Costa Rica by cultivating L. vannamei. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 15 shrimp farms distributed in the northern Pacific region. Between 2017 and 2018, water samples, postlarvae and juvenile shrimp were collected during a production cycle. The samples were subjected to DNA extraction and analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using different protocols and primers to determine the genotypes of IHHNV present in our country. On the day of the collection of the juvenile shrimp, a survey was applied to the producers to know about the handling conditions and the physical-chemical parameters of the pond water were measured. The information obtained through the surveys and the PCR results were processed using the SAS statistical program to determine risk factors.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis de grado
Palabras clave
CAMARONES, VIRUS, GENOTIPOS, DEFORMIDADES, PRODUCCION DE CULTIVOS, REACCION DE CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA