La genealogía mitocondrial de María Mercedes Cairol Antúnez, huella de la inmigración reciente a Costa Rica
Fecha
2012
Autores
Morera, Bernal
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Editor
Asociación de Genealogía e Historia de Costa Rica (Asogehi) (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El vertiginoso avance de las técnicas de la biología molecular, con apoyo de la antropología, permite en la actualidad detectar procesos demográficos de las poblaciones humanas. Fenómenos migratorios, expansiones poblacionales y mezclas de grupos, entre otros, quedan reflejados en la composición genética de las poblaciones actuales. Por ello el estudio de diferentes marcadores moleculares en muchas poblaciones nos ofrece una visión retrospectiva de la historia de estas, que permite contrastar hipótesis sugeridas por otras disciplinas como la arqueología, la lingüística, la paleontología y la genealogía (Bertanpetit et al., 1999).
Además, ha venido adquiriendo una progresiva popularidad el uso de esta tecnología para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre los ancestros, y de las relaciones de parentesco entre las personas (Meléndez Obando 2004). Iniciativas como el Proyecto Genográfico (National Geographic Society, 2012), la Fundación Sorenson de Genealogía Molecular (SMGF, 2012) y varias compañías privadas que ofrecen servicios para el análisis del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) –de herencia materna estricta–, y del cromosoma Y –de herencia exclusivamente paterna–. Así, muchas personas deciden caracterizar sus marcadores genéticos como una iniciativa personal y hacen públicos voluntariamente sus datos genéticos con los objetivos de buscar parientes biológicos y de adquirir conocimiento respecto a su origen remoto.
The rapid advance of molecular biology techniques, with the support of anthropology, currently allows us to detect demographic processes in human populations. Migratory phenomena, population expansions and group mixtures, among others, are reflected in the genetic composition of current populations. Therefore, the study of different molecular markers in many populations offers us a retrospective view of their history, which allows us to contrast hypotheses suggested by other disciplines such as archaeology, linguistics, paleontology and genealogy (Bertanpetit et al., 1999). . Furthermore, the use of this technology to deepen the knowledge about ancestors and kinship relationships between people has been acquiring progressive popularity (Meléndez Obando 2004). Initiatives such as the Genographic Project (National Geographic Society, 2012), the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF, 2012) and several private companies that offer services for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – of strict maternal inheritance – and chromosome And – exclusively paternal inheritance –. Thus, many people decide to characterize their genetic markers as a personal initiative and voluntarily make their genetic data public with the objectives of searching for biological relatives and acquiring knowledge regarding their remote origin.
The rapid advance of molecular biology techniques, with the support of anthropology, currently allows us to detect demographic processes in human populations. Migratory phenomena, population expansions and group mixtures, among others, are reflected in the genetic composition of current populations. Therefore, the study of different molecular markers in many populations offers us a retrospective view of their history, which allows us to contrast hypotheses suggested by other disciplines such as archaeology, linguistics, paleontology and genealogy (Bertanpetit et al., 1999). . Furthermore, the use of this technology to deepen the knowledge about ancestors and kinship relationships between people has been acquiring progressive popularity (Meléndez Obando 2004). Initiatives such as the Genographic Project (National Geographic Society, 2012), the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF, 2012) and several private companies that offer services for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – of strict maternal inheritance – and chromosome And – exclusively paternal inheritance –. Thus, many people decide to characterize their genetic markers as a personal initiative and voluntarily make their genetic data public with the objectives of searching for biological relatives and acquiring knowledge regarding their remote origin.
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Palabras clave
GENEALOGÍA MITOCONDRIAL, MARÍA MERCEDES CAIROL ANTÚNEZ, IMMIGRATION, FOOTPRINT, COSTA RICA