El primer brote: origen del humanismo
Fecha
2020-11-25
Autores
Baraona Cockerell, Miguel David
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el siglo V a. C. surgió en Atenas y, luego se extendió a casi toda la Grecia antigua, un movimiento ético-filosófico con fuerte orientación a la filosofía política, que se conoce como sofismo y/o sofistería. Las dos figuras más prominentes del sofismo serían, Protágoras en el ámbito intelectual, y Pericles en el político. Pero un amplio grupo de otros filósofos, harían del sofismo la más grande revolución intelectual presocrática en la Grecia clásica. Estos pensadores progresistas impulsarían la democracia representativa, a niveles que después no se conocerían en el mundo antiguo. Y esto llevaría a reformas sociales propias de un Estado benefactor, como queda consignado en la Constitución que Protágoras redactó para la nueva colonia de Turios.
Pero lo más trascendente es que el sofismo sentó las bases para la muy audaz idea, en aquellos tiempos, de que el ser humano (bajo la forma del ciudadano común) es el único protagonista en escoger y forjar su destino individual y colectivo, aunque no se alcance a plenitud y en la forma deseada. Este giro radical, colocando al ser humano en el centro mismo de su propio destino, y al margen de fuerzas omnímodas de orden divino y sobrenatural, es lo que en el Renacimiento europeo, siglos después, se llamaría humanismo. Y el corolario principal que se deriva de esta premisa, es que el ser humano es, por antonomasia, el forjador de su propia liberación por medio de su razón y voluntad. Es decir: protagonista fundamental de su auto-emancipación.
In the 5th century BC arose in Athens and then spread to almost all of ancient Greece, an ethi cal-philosophical movement with a strong orientation to political philosophy, which is known as sophism and/or sophistry. The two most prominent figures of sophism would be, Protagoras in the intellectual field, and Pericles in the political field. But a large group of other philosophers would make sophism the greatest pre-Socratic intellectual revolution in classical Greece. These progressive philosophers would push for representative democracy, to levels that would later not be known in the ancient world. And this would lead to social reforms typical of a welfare State, as consigned in the Constitution that Protagoras drafted for the new colony of Thurios. But the most important aspect is that sophism laid the foundations for the very audacious idea in those times, that the human being (in the form of the common citizen) is the only protago nist in choosing and forging his individual and collective destiny, even though destiny may not be achieved fully and in the desired manner. This radical turn, placing the human being at the very center of his own destiny, and outside the ominous forces of divine and supernatural order, is what in the European Renaissance, centuries later, would be called humanism. The main corollary derived from this premise is that the human being is, par excellence, the forger of his own liberation through his reason and will. That is to say: the fundamental protagonist of his self-emancipation.
In the 5th century BC arose in Athens and then spread to almost all of ancient Greece, an ethi cal-philosophical movement with a strong orientation to political philosophy, which is known as sophism and/or sophistry. The two most prominent figures of sophism would be, Protagoras in the intellectual field, and Pericles in the political field. But a large group of other philosophers would make sophism the greatest pre-Socratic intellectual revolution in classical Greece. These progressive philosophers would push for representative democracy, to levels that would later not be known in the ancient world. And this would lead to social reforms typical of a welfare State, as consigned in the Constitution that Protagoras drafted for the new colony of Thurios. But the most important aspect is that sophism laid the foundations for the very audacious idea in those times, that the human being (in the form of the common citizen) is the only protago nist in choosing and forging his individual and collective destiny, even though destiny may not be achieved fully and in the desired manner. This radical turn, placing the human being at the very center of his own destiny, and outside the ominous forces of divine and supernatural order, is what in the European Renaissance, centuries later, would be called humanism. The main corollary derived from this premise is that the human being is, par excellence, the forger of his own liberation through his reason and will. That is to say: the fundamental protagonist of his self-emancipation.
Descripción
El primer brote: origen del humanismo
Palabras clave
HUMANISMO, SOFISTAS (FILOSOFIA), GRECIA, GREECE, HUMANISM, SOPHISTS (PHILOSOPHY)