Presencia de Maedi-Visna en hatos ovejeros de Costa Rica
Fecha
2013
Autores
Villagra Blanco, Rodolfo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
A pesar de que el virus de Maedi Visna (VMV) está ampliamente distribuido en el mundo, la
presencia de este lentivirus de los pequeños rumiantes en Costa Rica era desconocida. Un total
de 359 sueros procedentes de 15 fincas ovinas de Costa Rica fueron analizados mediante
inmunoensayo enzimático para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VMV.
También se aplicó una encuesta a los productores ovinos participantes, para determinar
medidas de manejo en cada hato y la presencia de síntomas compatibles con Maedi Visna. Se
detectó siete animales seropositivos, procedentes de seis fincas. Los porcentajes de positividad
intrahato se establecieron entre 0 a 7.1%. El virus se presentó ampliamente distribuido dentro
de las diversas regiones del país, ya que los ovinos positivos fueron encontrados en cuatro
(Central, Huetar Atlántico, Huetar Norte y Pacífico Central) de las cinco regiones analizadas.
La seropositividad en dichas regiones fue baja (entre 0 y 0.84%) al igual que la prevalencia
global (1,95%). Por otra parte, la encuesta reveló que el 52% de las fincas visitadas habían
introducido animales (machos y hembras), embriones o semen procedentes de otros hatos o de
otros países, sin ningún tipo de certificación sanitaria que garantizara el estatus seronegativo
para VMV. Además, solamente cuatro (26%) de los 15 productores encuestados habían
escuchado previamente sobre el VMV. Ninguno de ellos había implementado aún un banco de
calostro ni pasteurización de la leche ovina. La leche de cabra fue el remplazador más
utilizado para crianza de los corderos, sin embargo, solamente una de las fincas empleaba
leche de cabra de animales seronegativos al virus de la Artritis Encefalitis Caprina. Se
recomienda confirmar la presencia de VMV, por medio de aislamiento celular o técnicas
moleculares.
Although Maedi-Visna Virus (VMV) was reported in most countries of the world; the presence of this small ruminant lentivirus in Costa Rica was unknown. A total of 359 sheep samples from 15 farms were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against VMV by immunoenzymatic assay. Also a survey was applied to the sheep owners to determine management measures and presence of clinical symptoms of Maedi-Visna in the flocks. Antibodies against VMV were detected in seven sheep from six different flocks, determining flock seropositivity percentages between 0 to 7.1%. The virus seemed to be distributed throughout the country, since the flocks with positive reactors were located in four (Central, Huetar Norte, Huetar Atlántico and Pacífico Central) out of five regions tested. The seropositivity detected in these regions was low, between 0% to 0,84%; as well as the global prevalence (1,95%). The survey revealed that 52% of the participating farms had introduced animals (males and females), embryos or semen from other farms or from abroad without any sanitary certification for VMV-free status. Only four (26%) out of 15 sheep farmers had heard before from VMV. None of the sheep farmers had implemented a bank with VMV free colostrum, and goat milk was the main milk substitute for the lambs, however, only one flock was aware to supplement milk from seronegative goats to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus. Confirmation of presence of VMV using isolation in cell culture or molecular methods is strongly recommended.
Although Maedi-Visna Virus (VMV) was reported in most countries of the world; the presence of this small ruminant lentivirus in Costa Rica was unknown. A total of 359 sheep samples from 15 farms were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against VMV by immunoenzymatic assay. Also a survey was applied to the sheep owners to determine management measures and presence of clinical symptoms of Maedi-Visna in the flocks. Antibodies against VMV were detected in seven sheep from six different flocks, determining flock seropositivity percentages between 0 to 7.1%. The virus seemed to be distributed throughout the country, since the flocks with positive reactors were located in four (Central, Huetar Norte, Huetar Atlántico and Pacífico Central) out of five regions tested. The seropositivity detected in these regions was low, between 0% to 0,84%; as well as the global prevalence (1,95%). The survey revealed that 52% of the participating farms had introduced animals (males and females), embryos or semen from other farms or from abroad without any sanitary certification for VMV-free status. Only four (26%) out of 15 sheep farmers had heard before from VMV. None of the sheep farmers had implemented a bank with VMV free colostrum, and goat milk was the main milk substitute for the lambs, however, only one flock was aware to supplement milk from seronegative goats to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus. Confirmation of presence of VMV using isolation in cell culture or molecular methods is strongly recommended.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
OVINOS, COSTA RICA, VIRUS, RUMIANTES, ELISA, SHEEP