Representaciones de los saberes en salud indígena cabécar: una aproximación etnopsicoanalítica
Fecha
2020
Autores
Roríguez Jiménez, Pablo Dario
Valverde Bonilla, Estefania
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El Territorio Indígena de Alto Chirripó conserva muchos aspectos de su cultura
tradicional, sin embargo, debido a las circunstancias a las que han sido sometidos desde la
conquista por parte de las culturas occidentales, no ha sido tarea sencilla la preservación de
su cultura. La presente investigación posee como objeto de estudio las representaciones en
torno a la salud desde una dimensión sociocultural. Estas, al ser atribuciones subjetivas que
las personas asignan a su realidad, poseen gran contenido que puede estar relegado al plano
inconsciente respecto a las figuras culturales, así como a sus prácticas concernientes al
ámbito de la salud. Dicha subjetividad se encuentra conformada por miedos, fantasías,
deseos, sueños, entre otros, que surgen, tanto en los investigadores (contratransferencia),
como en los sujetos y la comunidad en estudio (la transferencia).
Este estudio pretende reconocer y reivindicar sus saberes como pilares culturales
que resisten al proceso de globalización y homogeneización por parte de las esferas de
poder, asimismo, prolongar su existencia como recurso de producción y reproducción
cultural. Esto quiere decir que, a partir de los posicionamientos del psicoanálisis críticosocial y utilizando el etnopsicoanálisis como método, se reconstruyó un proceso histórico
vinculado a los saberes en salud, se identificaron las prácticas asociadas a estos saberes y se
describió el contenido simbólico que esta población atribuye a los mismos.
Dicho lo anterior, se concluye que la comunidad indígena cabécar posee una
cosmovisión definida acerca de la salud que abarca desde métodos culturales, específicos y
complejos, para los procesos de curación, purificación y prevención de enfermedades, hasta
prácticas foráneas asimiladas y, posteriormente, adaptadas a sus saberes autóctonos. Dichos
conocimientos ancestrales difieren de las técnicas desarrolladas en los sistemas de salud
bio-médico occidentales implementados por el Estado costarricense. Sin embargo, las
comunidades indígenas logran -hasta donde sus posibilidades se lo permitan- conciliar en
su quehacer cotidiano ambos sistemas de atención en salud con el fin de acercarse tanto
como sea posible a un estado subjetivo de bienestar
The Alto Chirripó Indigenous Territory preserves many aspects of its culture traditional, however, due to the circumstances to which they have been subjected since the conquest by Western cultures, it has not been an easy task to preserve your culture. The present investigation has as object of study the representations in around health from a sociocultural dimension. These, being subjective attributions that people assign to their reality, they have great content that may be relegated to the plane unconscious with respect to cultural figures, as well as their practices concerning the health field. This subjectivity is made up of fears, fantasies, desires, dreams, among others, that arise, both in researchers (countertransference), as in the subjects and the community under study (the transference). This study aims to recognize and vindicate their knowledge as cultural pillars that resist the process of globalization and homogenization by the spheres of be able, likewise, to prolong its existence as a resource of production and reproduction cultural. This means that, from the positions of critical social psychoanalysis and using ethnopsychoanalysis as a method, a historical process was reconstructed linked to health knowledge, the practices associated with this knowledge were identified and described the symbolic content that this population attributes to them. Having said the above, it is concluded that the Cabécar indigenous community has a Defined worldview about health that ranges from cultural, specific and complex, for the processes of healing, purification and prevention of diseases, up to foreign practices assimilated and, later, adapted to their autochthonous knowledge. Sayings ancestral knowledge differs from the techniques developed in health systems Western bio-doctor implemented by the Costa Rican State. However, indigenous communities manage - to the best of their abilities - to reconcile their daily work both health care systems in order to get so close as possible to a subjective state of well-being
The Alto Chirripó Indigenous Territory preserves many aspects of its culture traditional, however, due to the circumstances to which they have been subjected since the conquest by Western cultures, it has not been an easy task to preserve your culture. The present investigation has as object of study the representations in around health from a sociocultural dimension. These, being subjective attributions that people assign to their reality, they have great content that may be relegated to the plane unconscious with respect to cultural figures, as well as their practices concerning the health field. This subjectivity is made up of fears, fantasies, desires, dreams, among others, that arise, both in researchers (countertransference), as in the subjects and the community under study (the transference). This study aims to recognize and vindicate their knowledge as cultural pillars that resist the process of globalization and homogenization by the spheres of be able, likewise, to prolong its existence as a resource of production and reproduction cultural. This means that, from the positions of critical social psychoanalysis and using ethnopsychoanalysis as a method, a historical process was reconstructed linked to health knowledge, the practices associated with this knowledge were identified and described the symbolic content that this population attributes to them. Having said the above, it is concluded that the Cabécar indigenous community has a Defined worldview about health that ranges from cultural, specific and complex, for the processes of healing, purification and prevention of diseases, up to foreign practices assimilated and, later, adapted to their autochthonous knowledge. Sayings ancestral knowledge differs from the techniques developed in health systems Western bio-doctor implemented by the Costa Rican State. However, indigenous communities manage - to the best of their abilities - to reconcile their daily work both health care systems in order to get so close as possible to a subjective state of well-being
Descripción
Palabras clave
PSICOANÁLISIS, PSYCHOANALYSIS, POBLACIONES INDÍGENAS, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, COSTUMBRES Y TRADICIONES, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS, MEDICINA, MEDICINE